Revelation 9:5

tn Grk “It was not permitted to them”; the referent (the locusts) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

tn The word “permission” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.

tn The two ἵνα (hina) clauses of 9:5 are understood to be functioning as epexegetical or complementary clauses related to ἐδόθη (edothē).

tn On this term BDAG 168 s.v. βασανισμός states,”1. infliction of severe suffering or pain associated with torture or torment, tormenting, torture Rv 9:5b.—2. the severe pain experienced through torture, torment vs. 5a; 14:11; 18:10, 15; (w. πένθος) vs. 7.”

tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text but is picked up from the previous clause.

tn Grk “like the torture,” but this is redundant in contemporary English.

tn Grk “a man”; but ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos) is used here in an individualized sense without being limited to the male gender.