Leviticus 11:13–19

Clean and Unclean Birds

11:13 “ ‘These you are to detest from among the birds—they must not be eaten, because they are detestable:14 the griffon vulture, the bearded vulture, the black vulture, 11:14 the kite, the buzzard of any kind,15 11:15 every kind of crow,16 11:16 the eagle owl,17 the short-eared owl, the long-eared owl, the hawk of any kind, 11:17 the little owl, the cormorant, the screech owl, 11:18 the white owl, the scops owl, the osprey, 11:19 the stork, the heron of any kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

14	tn For zoological remarks on the following list of birds see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:662–64; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 159–60.
15	tn Heb “and the buzzard to its kind” (see also vv. 16 and 19 for the same expression “of any kind”).
16	tn Heb “every crow to its kind.” Many English versions (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) render this as “raven.”
17	tn Literally, “the daughter of the wasteland.” Various proposals for the species of bird referred to here include “owl” (KJV), “horned owl” (NIV, NCV), and “ostrich” (ASV, NAB, NASB, NRSV, NLT).