Galatians 1:11–12

Footnotes

1. 20 The conjunction δέ (de) is found in 𝔓46 א*,2 A D1 Ψ 1739 1881 𝔐 sy bo, while γάρ (gar) is the conjunction of choice in א1 B D*,c F G 33 lat sa. There are thus good representatives on each side. Scribes generally tended to prefer γάρ in such instances, most likely because it was more forceful and explicit. γάρ is thus seen as a motivated reading. For this reason, δέ is preferred.
2. 21 Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” as here (cf. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelphoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited).
3. 22 Grk “is not according to man.”
4. 23 Or “I did not receive it from a human source, nor was I taught it.”
5. 24 The words “I received it” are not in the Greek text but are implied.
6. 25 It is difficult to determine what kind of genitive Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (Iēsou Christou) is. If it is a subjective genitive, the meaning is “a revelation from Jesus Christ” but if objective genitive, it is “a revelation about Jesus Christ.” Most likely this is objective since the explanation in vv. 15–16 mentions God revealing the Son to Paul so that he might preach, although the idea of a direct revelation to Paul at some point cannot be ruled out.