^5:34But a Pharisee⁹⁰ whose name was Gamaliel,⁹¹ a teacher of the law who was respected by all the people, stood up⁹² in the council⁹³ and ordered the men to be put outside for a short time. ^5:35Then he said to the council,⁹⁴ “Men of Israel,⁹⁵ pay close attention to⁹⁶ what you are about to do to these men. ^5:36For some time ago⁹⁷ Theudas rose up, claiming to be somebody, and about four hundred men joined him. He⁹⁸ was killed, and all who followed him were dispersed and nothing came of it.⁹⁹^5:37After him Judas the Galilean arose in the days of the census,¹⁰⁰ and incited people to follow him in revolt.¹⁰¹ He too was killed, and all who followed him were scattered. ^5:38So in this case I say to you, stay away from these men and leave them alone, because if this plan or this undertaking originates with people,¹⁰² it will come to nothing,¹⁰³^5:39but if¹⁰⁴ it is from God, you will not be able to stop them, or you may even be found¹⁰⁵ fighting against God.” He convinced them,¹⁰⁶^5:40and they summoned the apostles and had them beaten.¹⁰⁷ Then¹⁰⁸ they ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus and released them. ^5:41So they left the council rejoicing because they had been considered worthy¹⁰⁹ to suffer dishonor for the sake of the name.¹¹⁰^5:42And every day both in the temple courts¹¹¹ and from house to house, they did not stop teaching and proclaiming the good news¹¹² that Jesus was the Christ.¹¹³

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Footnotes

90 A Pharisee was a member of one of the most important and influential religious and political parties of Judaism in the time of Jesus. There were more Pharisees than Sadducees (according to Josephus, 17.2.4 [17.42] there were more than 6,000 Pharisees at about this time). Pharisees differed with Sadducees on certain doctrines and patterns of behavior. The Pharisees were strict and zealous adherents to the laws of the OT and to numerous additional traditions such as angels and bodily resurrection.
91 Gamaliel was a famous Jewish scholar and teacher mentioned here in v. 34 and in Acts 22:3. He had a grandson of the same name and is referred to as “Gamaliel the Elder” to avoid confusion. He is quoted a number of times in the , was given the highest possible title for Jewish teachers, Rabba (cf. John 20:16), and was highly regarded in later rabbinic tradition.
92 Grk “standing up in the council, ordered.” The participle ἀναστάς (anastas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
93 Or “the Sanhedrin” (the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
94 Grk “said to them”; the referent (the council) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
95 Or “Israelite men,” although this is less natural English. The Greek term here is ἀνήρ (anēr), which only exceptionally is used in a generic sense of both males and females. In this context, it is highly unlikely that this is a generic usage, since Gamaliel was addressing the Sanhedrin, the Jewish high council, which would have been exclusively male.
96 Or “men, be careful.”
97 Grk “For before these days.”
98 Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was replaced by the pronoun “he,” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point.
99 Grk “and they came to nothing.” Gamaliel’s argument is that these two insurrectionists were taken care of by natural events.
100 Or “registration.”
101 The verb ἀφίστημι (aphistēmi) as a transitive means “cause to revolt” as used in Josephus, 8.7.5 (8.198), 20.5.2 (20.102); see 1.
102 Here ἀνθρώπων (anthrōpōn) has been translated as a generic noun (“people”).
103 Or “it will be put to an end.”
104 This is expressed in a first class condition, in contrast to the condition in v. 38b, which is third class. As such, v. 39 is rhetorically presented as the more likely option.
105 According to L&N 39.32, the verb εὑρεθῆτε (heurethēte, an aorist passive subjunctive) may also be translated “find yourselves”—“lest you find yourselves fighting against God.” The Jewish leader Gamaliel is shown contemplating the other possible alternative about what is occurring.
106 Grk “They were convinced by him.” This passive construction was converted to an active one (“He convinced them”) in keeping with contemporary English style. The phrase “He convinced them” is traditionally placed in Acts 5:40 by most English translations; the standard Greek critical text (represented by and ) places it at the end of v. 39.
107 Had them beaten. The punishment was the “forty lashes minus one,” see also Acts 22:19; 2 Cor 11:24; Mark 13:9. The apostles had disobeyed the religious authorities and took their punishment for their “disobedience” (Deut 25:2–3; Makkot 3:10–14). In Acts 4:18 they were warned. Now they are beaten. The hostility is rising as the narrative unfolds.
108 The word “Then” is supplied as the beginning of a new sentence in the translation. The construction in Greek has so many clauses (most of them made up of participles) that a continuous English sentence would be very awkward.
109 That is, considered worthy by God. They “gloried in their shame” of honoring Jesus with their testimony (Luke 6:22–23; 2 Macc 6:30).
110 The name refers to the name of Jesus (cf. 3 John 7).
111 Grk “temple.” This is actually a reference to the courts surrounding the temple proper and has been translated accordingly.
112 Grk “teaching and evangelizing.” They were still obeying God, not men (see 4:18–20; 5:29).
113 Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.” See the note on Christ in .