Acts 22:3–4

Footnotes

1. 9 Grk “a Jewish man.”
2. 10 ἀνατρέφω b has “of mental and spiritual nurture bring up, rear, train … ἀνατεθραμμένος ἐν τ. πόλει ταύτῃ 22:3.”
3. 11 Or “with precision.” Although often translated “strictly” this can be misunderstood for “solely” in English. ἀκρίβεια gives the meaning as “exactness, precision.” To avoid the potential misunderstanding the translation “with strictness” is used, although it is slightly more awkward than “strictly.”
4. 12 Grk “strictly at the feet of” (an idiom).
5. 13 Or “brought up in this city under Gamaliel, educated with strictness …” The phrase παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Γαμαλιὴλ (para tous podas Gamaliēl) could be understood with what precedes or with what follows. The punctuation of and , which place a comma after ταύτῃ (tautē), has been followed in the translation. Gamaliel was a famous Jewish scholar and teacher mentioned here and in Acts 5:34. He had a grandson of the same name and is referred to as “Gamaliel the Elder” to avoid confusion. He is quoted a number of times in the , was given the highest possible title for Jewish teachers, Rabba (cf. John 20:16), and was highly regarded in later rabbinic tradition.
6. 14 Or “our forefathers.”
7. 15 Grk “ancestors, being.” The participle ὑπάρχων (huparchōn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
8. 16 BDAG 427 ζηλωτής 1.a.α has “of pers.… ζ. τοῦ θεοῦ one who is loyal to God Ac 22:3.”
9. 17 Grk “who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“who”) was translated by the first person pronoun (“I”) and a new sentence begun in the translation.
10. 18 That is, persecuted the Christian movement (Christianity). The Way is also used as a description of the Christian faith in Acts 9:2; 18:25–26; 19:9, 23; 24:14, 22).
11. 19 θάνατος 1.a has “διώκειν ἄχρι θανάτου persecute even to death Ac 22:4.”
12. 20 Grk “binding.” See Acts 8:3.
13. 21 παραδίδωμι 1.b has “W. local εἰς … εἰς φυλακήν put in prison Ac 8:3; cp. 22:4.”