Exodus 28

The Priestly Garments

“Have Aaron^a your brother brought to you from among the Israelites, along with his sons Nadab and Abihu,^b Eleazar and Ithamar,^c so they may serve me as priests.^d Make sacred garments^e for your brother Aaron to give him dignity and honor.^f Tell all the skilled workers^g to whom I have given wisdom^h in such matters that they are to make garments for Aaron, for his consecration, so he may serve me as priest. These are the garments they are to make: a breastpiece,ⁱ an ephod,^j a robe,^k a woven tunic,^l a turban^m and a sash. They are to make these sacred garments for your brother Aaron and his sons, so they may serve me as priests. Have them use gold, and blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and fine linen.ⁿ

The Ephod

28:6-14^pp — Ex 39:2–7

“Make the ephod^a of gold, and of blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen—the work of skilled hands. It is to have two shoulder pieces attached to two of its corners, so it can be fastened. Its skillfully woven waistband^b is to be like it—of one piece with the ephod and made with gold, and with blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and with finely twisted linen.

“Take two onyx stones and engrave^c on them the names of the sons of Israel in the order of their birth—six names on one stone and the remaining six on the other. Engrave the names of the sons of Israel on the two stones the way a gem cutter engraves a seal. Then mount the stones in gold filigree settings and fasten them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear the names on his shoulders^d as a memorial^e before the Lord. Make gold filigree settings and two braided chains of pure gold, like a rope, and attach the chains to the settings.

The Breastpiece

28:15-28^pp — Ex 39:8–21

“Fashion a breastpiece^a for making decisions—the work of skilled hands. Make it like the ephod: of gold, and of blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen. It is to be square—a span long and a span wide—and folded double. Then mount four rows of precious stones^b on it. The first row shall be carnelian, chrysolite^c and beryl; the second row shall be turquoise, lapis lazuli and emerald; the third row shall be jacinth, agate and amethyst; the fourth row shall be topaz, onyx and jasper. Mount them in gold filigree settings. There are to be twelve stones, one for each of the names of the sons of Israel,^d each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.^e

“For the breastpiece make braided chains of pure gold, like a rope. Make two gold rings for it and fasten them to two corners of the breastpiece. Fasten the two gold chains to the rings at the corners of the breastpiece, and the other ends of the chains to the two settings, attaching them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front. Make two gold rings and attach them to the other two corners of the breastpiece on the inside edge next to the ephod. Make two more gold rings and attach them to the bottom of the shoulder pieces on the front of the ephod, close to the seam just above the waistband of the ephod. The rings of the breastpiece are to be tied to the rings of the ephod with blue cord, connecting it to the waistband, so that the breastpiece will not swing out from the ephod.

“Whenever Aaron enters the Holy Place,^f he will bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart on the breastpiece of decision as a continuing memorial before the Lord. Also put the Urim and the Thummim^g in the breastpiece, so they may be over Aaron’s heart whenever he enters the presence of the Lord. Thus Aaron will always bear the means of making decisions for the Israelites over his heart before the Lord.

Other Priestly Garments

28:31-43^pp — Ex 39:22–31

“Make the robe of the ephod entirely of blue cloth, with an opening for the head in its center. There shall be a woven edge like a collar around this opening, so that it will not tear. Make pomegranates^a of blue, purple and scarlet yarn around the hem of the robe, with gold bells between them. The gold bells and the pomegranates are to alternate around the hem of the robe. Aaron must wear it when he ministers. The sound of the bells will be heard when he enters the Holy Place before the Lord and when he comes out, so that he will not die.

“Make a plate^b of pure gold and engrave on it as on a seal: holy to the Lord.^c Fasten a blue cord to it to attach it to the turban; it is to be on the front of the turban. It will be on Aaron’s forehead, and he will bear the guilt^d involved in the sacred gifts the Israelites consecrate, whatever their gifts may be. It will be on Aaron’s forehead continually so that they will be acceptable^e to the Lord.

“Weave the tunic^f of fine linen and make the turban^g of fine linen. The sash is to be the work of an embroiderer. Make tunics, sashes and caps for Aaron’s sons^h to give them dignity and honor.ⁱ After you put these clothes^j on your brother Aaron and his sons, anoint^k and ordain them. Consecrate them so they may serve me as priests.^l

“Make linen undergarments^m as a covering for the body, reaching from the waist to the thigh. Aaron and his sons must wear them whenever they enter the tent of meetingⁿ or approach the altar to minister in the Holy Place,^o so that they will not incur guilt and die.^p

“This is to be a lasting ordinance^q for Aaron and his descendants.