1 Samuel 1–28

Samuel’s Birth and Dedication

¹There was a certain man of Ramathaim, a Zuphite^a from the hill country of Ephraim, whose name was Elkanah son of Jeroham son of Elihu son of Tohu son of Zuph, an Ephraimite.^{* 2}He had two wives; the name of one was Hannah, and the name of the other Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.^*

³Now this man used to go up year by year from his town to worship and to sacrifice to the Lord of hosts at Shiloh, where the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests of the Lord.^{* 4}On the day when Elkanah sacrificed, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters,^{* 5}but to Hannah he gave a double portion^b because he loved her, though the Lord had closed her womb.^{* 6}Her rival used to provoke her severely, to irritate her, because the Lord had closed her womb.^{* 7}So it went on year by year; as often as she went up to the house of the Lord, she used to provoke her. Therefore Hannah wept and would not eat. ⁸Her husband Elkanah said to her, “Hannah, why do you weep? Why do you not eat? Why is your heart sad? Am I not more to you than ten sons?”^*

⁹After they had eaten and drunk at Shiloh, Hannah rose and presented herself before the Lord.^c Now Eli the priest was sitting on the seat beside the doorpost of the temple of the Lord.^{* 10}She was deeply distressed and prayed to the Lord and wept bitterly. ¹¹She made this vow: “O Lord of hosts, if only you will look on the misery of your servant and remember me and not forget your servant but will give to your servant a male child, then I will set him before you as a nazirite until the day of his death. He shall drink neither wine nor intoxicants,^d and no razor shall touch his head.”^*

¹²As she continued praying before the Lord, Eli observed her mouth. ¹³Hannah was praying silently; only her lips moved, but her voice was not heard; therefore Eli thought she was drunk.^{* 14}So Eli said to her, “How long will you make a drunken spectacle of yourself? Put away your wine.”^{* 15}But Hannah answered, “No, my lord, I am a woman deeply troubled; I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but I have been pouring out my soul before the Lord.^{* 16}Do not regard your servant as a worthless woman, for I have been speaking out of my great anxiety and vexation all this time.” ¹⁷Then Eli answered, “Go in peace; the God of Israel grant the petition you have made to him.”^{* 18}And she said, “Let your servant find favor in your sight.” Then the woman went her way and ate and drank with her husband,^e and her countenance was sad no longer.^f*

¹⁹They rose early in the morning and worshiped before the Lord; then they went back to their house at Ramah. Elkanah knew his wife Hannah, and the Lord remembered her.^{* 20}In due time Hannah conceived and bore a son. She named him Samuel, for she said, “I have asked him of the Lord.”^*

²¹The man Elkanah and all his household went up to offer to the Lord the yearly sacrifice and to pay his vow.^{* 22}But Hannah did not go up, for she said to her husband, “As soon as the child is weaned, I will bring him, that he may appear in the presence of the Lord and remain there forever; I will offer him as a nazirite for all time.”^{g* 23}Her husband Elkanah said to her, “Do what seems best to you; wait until you have weaned him; only, may the Lord establish your^h word.” So the woman remained and nursed her son until she weaned him.^{* 24}When she had weaned him, she took him up with her, along with a three-year-old bull,ⁱ an ephah of flour, and a skin of wine. She brought him to the house of the Lord at Shiloh, and the child was young.^{* 25}Then they slaughtered the bull and brought the child to Eli.^{* 26}And she said, “Oh, my lord! As you live, my lord, I am the woman who was standing here in your presence praying to the Lord.^{* 27}For this child I prayed, and the Lord has granted me the petition that I made to him.^{* 28}Therefore I have lent him to the Lord; as long as he lives, he is given to the Lord.” And they worshiped the Lord there.^*

Hannah’s Prayer

²Hannah prayed and said,

“My heart exults in the Lord;

my strength is exalted in my God.^j

My mouth derides my enemies

because I rejoice in your victory.^*

²There is no Holy One like the Lord,

no one besides you;

there is no Rock like our God.^*

³Talk no more so very proudly;

let not arrogance come from your mouth,

for the Lord is a God of knowledge,

and by him actions are weighed.^*

⁴The bows of the mighty are broken,

but the feeble gird on strength.^*

⁵Those who were full have hired themselves out for bread,

but those who were hungry are fat with spoil.

The barren has borne seven,

but she who has many children is forlorn.^*

⁶The Lord kills and brings to life;

he brings down to Sheol and raises up.^*

⁷The Lord makes poor and makes rich;

he brings low; he also exalts.^*

⁸He raises up the poor from the dust;

he lifts the needy from the ash heap

to make them sit with princes

and inherit a seat of honor.

For the pillars of the earth are the Lord’s,

and on them he has set the world.^*

⁹He will guard the feet of his faithful ones,

but the wicked will perish in darkness,

for not by might does one prevail.^*

¹⁰The Lord! His adversaries will be shattered;

the Most High^k will thunder in heaven.

The Lord will judge the ends of the earth;

he will give strength to his king

and exalt the power of his anointed.”^*

Eli’s Wicked Sons

¹¹Then they left him there before the Lord and went^l home to Ramah, while the boy remained to minister to the Lord in the presence of the priest Eli.^*

¹²Now the sons of Eli were scoundrels; they had no regard for the Lord^{* 13}or for the duties of the priests to the people. When anyone offered sacrifice, the priest’s servant would come, while the meat was boiling, with a three-pronged fork in his hand,^{* 14}and he would thrust it into the pan, kettle, caldron, or pot; all that the fork brought up the priest would take for himself.^m This is what they did at Shiloh to all the Israelites who came there. ¹⁵Moreover, before the fat was burned, the priest’s servant would come and say to the one who was sacrificing, “Give meat for the priest to roast, for he will not accept boiled meat from you but only raw.”^{* 16}And if the man said to him, “Let them burn the fat first and then take whatever you wish,” he would say, “No, you must give it now; if not, I will take it by force.” ¹⁷Thus the sin of the young men was very great in the sight of the Lord, for they treated the offerings of the Lord with contempt.^*

The Child Samuel at Shiloh

¹⁸Samuel was ministering before the Lord, a boy wearing a linen ephod.^{* 19}His mother used to make for him a little robe and take it to him each year when she went up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice.^{* 20}Then Eli would bless Elkanah and his wife and say, “May the Lord repayⁿ you with children by this woman for the loan that she made to^o the Lord,” and then they would return to their home.^*

²¹And^p the Lord took note of Hannah; she conceived and bore three sons and two daughters. And the boy Samuel grew up in the presence of the Lord.^*

Prophecy against Eli’s Household

²²Now Eli was very old. He heard all that his sons were doing to all Israel and how they lay with the women who served at the entrance to the tent of meeting.^{* 23}He said to them, “Why do you do such things? For I hear of your evil dealings from all these people. ²⁴No, my sons; it is not a good report that I hear the people of the Lord spreading abroad.^{* 25}If one person sins against another, someone can intercede for the sinner with the Lord,^q but if someone sins against the Lord, who can make intercession?” But they would not listen to the voice of their father, for it was the will of the Lord to kill them.^*

²⁶Now the boy Samuel continued to grow both in stature and in favor with the Lord and with the people.^*

²⁷A man of God came to Eli and said to him, “Thus the Lord has said: I revealed^r myself to the family of your ancestor in Egypt when they were slaves^s to the house of Pharaoh.^{* 28}I chose him out of all the tribes of Israel to be my priest, to go up to my altar, to offer incense, to wear an ephod before me, and I gave to the family of your ancestor all my offerings by fire^t from the Israelites.^{* 29}Why then look^u with greedy eye at my sacrifices and my offerings^v and honor your sons more than me by fattening yourselves on the choicest parts of every offering of my people Israel?^{* 30}Therefore the Lord the God of Israel declares: I promised that your family and the family of your ancestor should go in and out before me forever, but now the Lord declares: Far be it from me, for those who honor me I will honor, and those who despise me shall be treated with contempt.^{* 31}See, a time is coming when I will cut off your strength and the strength of your ancestor’s family.^{w* 32}No one in your family shall ever live to old age.^{* 33}The only one of you whom I shall not cut off from my altar shall be spared to weep out his^x eyes and grieve his^y heart; all the members of your household shall die by the sword.^{z 34}The fate of your two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, shall be the sign to you: both of them shall die on the same day.^{* 35}I will raise up for myself a faithful priest who shall do according to what is in my heart and in my mind. I will build him a sure house, and he shall go in and out before my anointed one forever.^{* 36}Everyone who is left in your family shall come and prostrate himself before him for a piece of silver or a loaf of bread and shall say, ‘Please put me in one of the priest’s places, that I may eat a morsel of bread.’ ”^*

Samuel’s Calling and Prophetic Activity

³Now the boy Samuel was ministering to the Lord under Eli. The word of the Lord was rare in those days; visions were not widespread.^*

²At that time Eli, whose eyesight had begun to grow dim so that he could not see, was lying down in his room;^{* 3}the lamp of God had not yet gone out, and Samuel was lying down in the temple of the Lord, where the ark of…