Leviticus 10:1–20:2

The Death of Nadab and Abihu

10Aaron’s sons Nadab and Abihu^a took their censers,^b put fire in them^c and added incense;^d and they offered unauthorized fire before the Lord,^e contrary to his command.^{f 2}So fire came out^g from the presence of the Lord and consumed them,^h and they died before the Lord.^{i 3}Moses then said to Aaron, “This is what the Lord spoke of when he said:

“ ‘Among those who approach me^j

I will be proved holy;^k

in the sight of all the people

I will be honored.^l’ ”

Aaron remained silent.

⁴Moses summoned Mishael and Elzaphan,^m sons of Aaron’s uncle Uzziel,ⁿ and said to them, “Come here; carry your cousins outside the camp,^o away from the front of the sanctuary.^p” ⁵So they came and carried them, still in their tunics,^q outside the camp, as Moses ordered.

⁶Then Moses said to Aaron and his sons Eleazar and Ithamar,^r “Do not let your hair become unkempt^as and do not tear your clothes,^t or you will die and the Lord will be angry with the whole community.^u But your relatives, all the Israelites, may mourn^v for those the Lord has destroyed by fire. ⁷Do not leave the entrance to the tent of meeting^w or you will die, because the Lord’s anointing oil^x is on you.” So they did as Moses said.

⁸Then the Lord said to Aaron, ⁹“You and your sons are not to drink wine^y or other fermented drink^z whenever you go into the tent of meeting, or you will die. This is a lasting ordinance^a for the generations to come, ¹⁰so that you can distinguish between the holy and the common, between the unclean and the clean,^{b 11}and so you can teach^c the Israelites all the decrees the Lord has given them through Moses.^d”

¹²Moses said to Aaron and his remaining sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, “Take the grain offering^e left over from the food offerings prepared without yeast and presented to the Lord and eat it beside the altar,^f for it is most holy. ¹³Eat it in the sanctuary area,^g because it is your share and your sons’ share of the food offerings presented to the Lord; for so I have been commanded.^{h 14}But you and your sons and your daughters may eat the breastⁱ that was waved and the thigh that was presented. Eat them in a ceremonially clean place;^j they have been given to you and your children as your share of the Israelites’ fellowship offerings. ¹⁵The thigh^k that was presented and the breast that was waved must be brought with the fat portions of the food offerings, to be waved before the Lord as a wave offering.^l This will be the perpetual share for you and your children, as the Lord has commanded.”

¹⁶When Moses inquired about the goat of the sin offering^bm and found that it had been burned up, he was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s remaining sons, and asked, ¹⁷“Why didn’t you eat the sin offeringⁿ in the sanctuary area? It is most holy; it was given to you to take away the guilt^o of the community by making atonement for them before the Lord. ¹⁸Since its blood was not taken into the Holy Place,^p you should have eaten the goat in the sanctuary area, as I commanded.^q”

¹⁹Aaron replied to Moses, “Today they sacrificed their sin offering and their burnt offering^r before the Lord, but such things as this have happened to me. Would the Lord have been pleased if I had eaten the sin offering today?” ²⁰When Moses heard this, he was satisfied.

Clean and Unclean Food

11:1–23pp—Dt 14:3–20

11The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, ²“Say to the Israelites: ‘Of all the animals that live on land, these are the ones you may eat:^{s 3}You may eat any animal that has a divided hoof and that chews the cud.

⁴“ ‘There are some that only chew the cud or only have a divided hoof, but you must not eat them.^t The camel, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is ceremonially unclean for you. ⁵The hyrax, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. ⁶The rabbit, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you. ⁷And the pig,^u though it has a divided hoof, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you. ⁸You must not eat their meat or touch their carcasses; they are unclean for you.^v

⁹“ ‘Of all the creatures living in the water of the seas and the streams you may eat any that have fins and scales. ¹⁰But all creatures in the seas or streams that do not have fins and scales—whether among all the swarming things or among all the other living creatures in the water—you are to regard as unclean.^{w 11}And since you are to regard them as unclean, you must not eat their meat; you must regard their carcasses as unclean.^{x 12}Anything living in the water that does not have fins and scales is to be regarded as unclean by you.^y

¹³“ ‘These are the birds you are to regard as unclean and not eat because they are unclean: the eagle,^a the vulture, the black vulture, ¹⁴the red kite, any kind^z of black kite, ¹⁵any kind of raven,^{a 16}the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, ¹⁷the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl, ¹⁸the white owl,^b the desert owl, the osprey, ¹⁹the stork,^c any kind^d of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.^e

²⁰“ ‘All flying insects that walk on all fours are to be regarded as unclean by you.^{f 21}There are, however, some flying insects that walk on all fours that you may eat: those that have jointed legs for hopping on the ground. ²²Of these you may eat any kind of locust,^g katydid, cricket or grasshopper. ²³But all other flying insects that have four legs you are to regard as unclean.

²⁴“ ‘You will make yourselves unclean by these;^h whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening.^{i 25}Whoever picks up one of their carcasses must wash their clothes,^j and they will be unclean till evening.^k

²⁶“ ‘Every animal that does not have a divided hoof or that does not chew the cud is unclean for you; whoever touches the carcass of any of them will be unclean. ²⁷Of all the animals that walk on all fours, those that walk on their paws are unclean for you; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening. ²⁸Anyone who picks up their carcasses must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.^l These animals are unclean for you.

²⁹“ ‘Of the animals that move along the ground, these are unclean for you:^m the weasel, the rat,ⁿ any kind of great lizard, ³⁰the gecko, the monitor lizard, the wall lizard, the skink and the chameleon. ³¹Of all those that move along the ground, these are unclean for you. Whoever touches them when they are dead will be unclean till evening. ³²When one of them dies and falls on something, that article, whatever its use, will be unclean, whether it is made of wood, cloth, hide or sackcloth.^o Put it in water; it will be unclean till evening, and then it will be clean. ³³If one of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it will be unclean, and you must break the pot.^{p 34}Any food you are allowed to eat that has come into contact with water from any such pot is unclean, and any liquid that is drunk from such a pot is unclean. ³⁵Anything that one of their carcasses falls on becomes unclean; an oven or cooking pot must be broken up. They are unclean, and you are to regard them as unclean. ³⁶A spring, however, or a cistern for collecting water remains clean, but anyone who touches one of these carcasses is unclean. ³⁷If a carcass falls on any seeds that are to be planted, they remain clean. ³⁸But if water has been put on the seed and a carcass falls on it, it is unclean for you.

³⁹“ ‘If an animal that you are allowed to eat dies,^q anyone who touches its carcass^r will be unclean till evening. ⁴⁰Anyone who eats some of its carcass^s must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.^t Anyone who picks up the carcass must wash their clothes, and they will be unclean till evening.

⁴¹“ ‘Every creature that moves along the ground is to be regarded as unclean; it is not to be eaten. ⁴²You are not to eat any creature that moves along the ground, whether it moves on its belly or walks on all fours or on many feet; it is unclean. ⁴³Do not defile yourselves by any of these creatures.^u Do not make yourselves unclean by means of them or be made unclean by them. ⁴⁴I am the Lord your God;^v consecrate yourselves^w and be holy,^x because I am holy.^y Do not make yourselves unclean by any creature that moves along the ground.^{z 45}I am the Lord, who brought you up out of Egypt^a to be your God;^b therefore be holy, because I am holy.^c

⁴⁶“ ‘These are the regulations concerning animals, birds, every living thing that moves about in the water and every creature that moves along the ground. ⁴⁷You must distinguish between the unclean and the clean, between living creatures that may be eaten and those that may not be eaten.^d’ ”

Purification After Childbirth

12The Lord said to Moses, ²“Say to the Israelites: ‘A woman who becomes pregnant and gives birth to a son will be ceremonially unclean for seven days, just as she is unclean during her monthly period.^{e 3}On the eighth day^f the boy is to be circumcised.^{g 4}Then the woman must wait thirty-three days to be purified from her bleeding. She must not touch anything sacred or go to the sanctuary until the days of her purification are over. ⁵If she gives birth to a daughter, for two weeks the woman will be unclean, as during her period. Then she must wait sixty-six days to be purified from her bleeding.

⁶“ ‘When the days of her purification for a son or daughter are over,^h she is to bring to the priest at the entrance to the tent of meeting a year-old lambⁱ for a burnt offering and a young pigeon or a dove for a sin offering.^{aj 7}He shall offer them before the Lord to make atonement for her, and then she will be ceremonially clean from her flow of blood.

“ ‘These are the regulations for the woman who gives birth to a boy or a girl. ⁸But if she cannot afford a lamb, she is to bring two doves or two young pigeons,^k one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering.^l In this way the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean.^m’ ”

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