Revelation 5:9–10

Footnotes

1. 24 The redundant participle λέγοντες (legontes) has not been translated here.
2. 25 Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”
3. 26 The preposition ἐν (en) is taken to indicate price here, like the Hebrew preposition ב (bet) does at times. 329 ἐν 5.b states, “The ἐν which takes the place of the of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).”
4. 27 The Greek text as it stands above (i.e., the reading τῷ θεῷ [tō theō] alone) is found in codex A. א 2050 2344 𝔐 sy add the term “us” (ἡμᾶς, hēmas), either before or after τῷ θεῷ, as an attempt to clarify the object of “purchased” (ἠγόρασας, ēgorasas). A few (1 vgms) delete the reference to God altogether and simply replace it with “us” (ἡμᾶς). This too is an attempt to remove ambiguity in the phrase and provide an object for “purchased.” The shorter reading, supported by the best witness for Revelation, best accounts for the other readings.
5. 28 The word “persons” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
6. 29 Grk “and language,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
7. 30 The verb ἐποίησας (epoiēsas) is understood to mean “appointed” here. For an example of this use, see Mark 3:14.
8. 31 The vast majority of witnesses have αὐτούς (autous, “them”) here, while the reads ἡμᾶς (hēmas, “us”) with insignificant support ( gig vgcl sa Prim Bea). There is no question that the original text read αὐτούς here.
9. 32 The reference to “kingdom and priests” may be a hendiadys: “priestly kingdom.”
10. 33 The words “to serve” are not in the Greek text, but are implied by the word “priests.”
11. 34 The textual problem here between the present tense βασιλεύουσιν (basileuousin, “they are reigning”; so A 1006 1611 𝔐K ) and the future βασιλεύσουσιν (basileusousin, “they will reign”; so א 1854 2053 𝔐A lat co) is a difficult one. Both readings have excellent support. On the one hand, the present tense seems to be the harder reading in this context. On the other hand, codex A elsewhere mistakes the future for the present (20:6). Further, the lunar sigma in uncial script could have been overlooked by some scribes, resulting in the present tense. All things considered, there is a slight preference for the future.