19 The prefixed verbal form is a (shortened) jussive form, indicating this is a prayer of blessing.
20 From sea to sea. This may mean from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Dead Sea in the east. See Amos 8:12. The language of this and the following line also appears in Zech 9:10.
21 Heb “the river,” a reference to the Euphrates.
22 Or “islands.” The term here refers metonymically to those people who dwell in these regions.
23 As they bow down before him, it will appear that his enemies are licking the dust.

In other versions

May he have dominion from sea to sea,

and from the River to the ends of the earth!

May desert tribes bow down before him,

and his enemies lick the dust!

May he rule from sea to sea

and from the River to the ends of the earth.

May the desert tribes bow before him

and his enemies lick the dust.

May he rule from sea to sea

and from the Euphrates

to the ends of the earth.

May desert tribes kneel before him

and his enemies lick the dust.

May he reign from sea to sea,

and from the Euphrates River to the ends of the earth.

Desert nomads will bow before him;

his enemies will fall before him in the dust.

And may he rule from sea up to sea,

and from the River to the edges of the land.

Let the desert dwellers bow down before him,

and his enemies lick the dust.

He shall have dominion also from sea to sea,

And from the river unto the ends of the earth.

They that dwell in the wilderness shall bow before him;

And his enemies shall lick the dust.

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