Logos Bible Study

Psalm 104:3–6

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104:3and lays the beams of the upper rooms of his palace on the rain clouds.2

He makes the clouds his chariot,

and travels along on the wings of the wind.3

104:4He makes the winds his messengers,

and the flaming fire his attendant.4

104:5He established the earth on its foundations;

it will never be upended.

104:6The watery deep covered it5 like a garment;

the waters reached6 above the mountains.7

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Heb “one who lays the beams on water [in] his upper rooms.” The “water” mentioned here corresponds to the “waters above” mentioned in Gen 1:7. For a discussion of the picture envisioned by the psalmist, see L. I. J. Stadelmann, The Hebrew Conception of the World, 44–45.
  2. 3 Verse 3 may depict the Lord riding a cherub, which is in turn propelled by the wind current. Another option is that the wind is personified as a cherub. See Ps 18:10 and the discussion of ancient Near Eastern parallels to the imagery in M. Weinfeld, “ ‘Rider of the Clouds’ and ‘Gatherer of the Clouds’,” 5 (1973): 422–24.
  3. 4 Heb “and his attendants a flaming fire.” The lack of agreement between the singular “fire” and plural “attendants” has prompted various emendations. Some read “fire and flame.” The present translation assumes an emendation to “his attendant” (יו in the Hebrew text being virtually dittographic). In Ugaritic mythology Yam’s messengers appear as flaming fire before the assembly of the gods. See G. R. Driver, Canaanite Myths and Legends, 42.
  4. 5 Heb “you covered it.” The masculine suffix is problematic if the grammatically feminine noun “earth” is the antecedent. For this reason some emend the form to a feminine verb with feminine suffix, כִּסַּתָּה (kisattah, “[the watery deep] covered it [i.e., the earth]”), a reading assumed by the present translation.
  5. 6 Heb “stood.”
  6. 7 Verse 6 refers to the condition described in Gen 1:2 (note the use of the Hebrew term תְּהוֹם [téhom, “watery deep”] in both texts).

In other versions

ESVEnglish Standard Version

He lays the beams of his chambers on the waters;

he makes the clouds his chariot;

he rides on the wings of the wind;

he makes his messengers winds,

his ministers a flaming fire.

He set the earth on its foundations,

so that it should never be moved.

You covered it with the deep as with a garment;

the waters stood above the mountains.

NIVNew International Version (2011)

and lays the beams of his upper chambers on their waters.

He makes the clouds his chariot

and rides on the wings of the wind.

He makes winds his messengers,

flames of fire his servants.

He set the earth on its foundations;

it can never be moved.

You covered it with the watery depths as with a garment;

the waters stood above the mountains.

CSBChristian Standard Bible

laying the beams of his palace

on the waters above,

making the clouds his chariot,

walking on the wings of the wind,

and making the winds his messengers,

flames of fire his servants.

He established the earth on its foundations;

it will never be shaken.

You covered it with the deep

as if it were a garment;

the water stood above the mountains.

NLTNew Living Translation

you lay out the rafters of your home in the rain clouds.

You make the clouds your chariot;

you ride upon the wings of the wind.

The winds are your messengers;

flames of fire are your servants.

You placed the world on its foundation

so it would never be moved.

You clothed the earth with floods of water,

water that covered even the mountains.

LEBThe Lexham English Bible

the one who sets beams in the waters for his upper chambers,

who makes clouds his chariot,

who rides on the wings of the wind,

who makes his messengers the winds,

his attendants a flame of fire.

He established the earth on her foundations,

so that it will not be moved forever and ever.

You covered it with the deep as with a garment.

The waters stood above the mountains.

KJV 1900King James Version

Who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters:

Who maketh the clouds his chariot:

Who walketh upon the wings of the wind:

Who maketh his angels spirits;

His ministers a flaming fire:

Who laid the foundations of the earth,

That it should not be removed for ever.

Thou coveredst it with the deep as with a garment:

The waters stood above the mountains.