Proverbs 24:21–22

Footnotes

1. 35 Heb “my son,” but there is no indication in the immediate context that this should be limited only to male children.
2. 36 Heb “do not get mixed up with”; cf. “Have nothing to do with”; “do not join with.” The verb עָרַב (’arav) is used elsewhere meaning “to exchange; to take on pledge.” In the Hitpael stem it means “to have fellowship; to share; to associate with.” Some English versions (e.g., ) interpret as “to meddle” in this context, because “to have fellowship” is certainly not what is meant.
3. 37 The form rendered “rebellious” is difficult; it appears to be the Qal active participle, plural, from שָׁנָה (shanah), “to change”—“those who change.” The might have thought of the idea of “change” when they rendered it “political agitators.” The and have “fools,” the Latin has “detractors,” and the reads, “do not disobey either of them,” referring to God and the king in the first line. Accordingly the ruin predicted in the next line would be the ruin that God and the king can inflict. If the idea of “changers” is retained, it would have to mean people who at one time feared God and the king but no longer do.
4. 38 Heb “will rise” (so ).
5. 39 Heb “the ruin of the two of them.” Judgment is sent on the rebels both by God and the king. The term פִּיד (pid, “ruin; disaster”) is a metonymy of effect, the cause being the sentence of judgment (= “ruinous judgment” in the translation; cf. “punishment”). The word “two of them” is a subjective genitive—they two bring the disaster on the rebels. The referents (the Lord and the king) have been specified in the translation for clarity. The reward for living in peace under God in this world is that those who do will escape the calamities that will fall on the rebellious. Verse 21a is used in 1 Peter 2:17, and v. 22 is used in Romans 13:1–7 (v. 4). This is the thirtieth and last of this collection.