Proverbs 18:5

Footnotes

1. 16 Heb “not good.” This is a figure known as tapeinosis, a deliberate understatement to emphasize a worst-case scenario: “it is terrible!”
2. 17 The idiom “lifting up the face of” (שְׂאֵת פְּנֵי, sé’et péne) means “to show partiality” in decisions (e.g., Deut 10:17; Mal 2:9); cf. , “to favor.” The verbal form is the Qal infinitive construct from נָשָׂא (nasa’), which functions as the subject of the clause.
3. 18 Or “the guilty,” since in the second colon “righteous” can also be understood in contrast as “innocent” (cf. , , ).
4. 19 Heb “to turn aside” (so ); “to thrust aside.” The second half of the verse may illustrate this reprehensible action. The Hiphil infinitive construct לְהַטּוֹת (léhatot) may serve either (1) as result, “showing partiality … so that the righteous are turned away,” or (2) as epexegetical infinitive, “showing partiality … by turning the righteous away.” The second is preferred in the translation. Depriving the innocent of their rights is a perversion of justice.