^11:10But any creatures that do not have both fins and scales, whether in the seas or in the streams, from all the swarming things of the water and from all the living creatures that are in the water, are detestable to you. ^11:11Since they are detestable to you, you must not eat their meat and their carcass you must detest. ^11:12Any creature in the water that does not have both fins and scales is detestable to you.

Clean and Unclean Birds

^11:13“ ‘These you are to detest from among the birds—they must not be eaten, because they are detestable:¹⁴ the griffon vulture, the bearded vulture, the black vulture, ^11:14the kite, the buzzard of any kind,¹⁵^11:15every kind of crow,¹⁶^11:16the eagle owl,¹⁷ the short-eared owl, the long-eared owl, the hawk of any kind, ^11:17the little owl, the cormorant, the screech owl, ^11:18the white owl, the scops owl, the osprey, ^11:19the stork, the heron of any kind, the hoopoe, and the bat.

Clean and Unclean Insects

^11:20“ ‘Every winged swarming thing that walks on all fours¹⁸ is detestable to you. ^11:21However, this you may eat from all the winged swarming things that walk on all fours, which have jointed legs¹⁹ to hop with on the land. ^11:22These you may eat from them:²⁰ the locust of any kind, the bald locust of any kind, the cricket of any kind, the grasshopper of any kind. ^11:23But any other winged swarming thing that has four legs is detestable to you.

Read in Logos

Footnotes

14 For zoological remarks on the following list of birds see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (), 1:; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (), .
15 Heb “and the buzzard to its kind” (see also vv. 16 and 19 for the same expression “of any kind”).
16 Heb “every crow to its kind.” Many English versions (e.g., , , , , ) render this as “raven.”
17 Literally, “the daughter of the wasteland.” Various proposals for the species of bird referred to here include “owl” (), “horned owl” (, ), and “ostrich” (, , , , ).
18 Heb “the one walking on four” (cf. vv. 21–23 and 27–28).
19 Heb “which to it are lower legs from above to its feet” (reading the Qere “to it” rather than the Kethib “not”).
20 For entomological remarks on the following list of insects see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (), 1:; and J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (), .