Job 19:3

Footnotes

1. 4 The number “ten” is a general expression to convey that this has been done often (see Gen 31:7; Num 14:22).
2. 5 The Hiphil of the verb כָּלַם (kalam) means “outrage; insult; shame.” The verbs in this verse are prefixed conjugations, and may be interpreted as preterites if the reference is to the past time. But since the action is still going on, progressive imperfects work well.
3. 6 The second half of the verse uses two verbs, the one dependent on the other. It could be translated “you are not ashamed to attack me” (see §120.c), or “you attack me shamelessly.” The verb חָכַר (hakhar) poses some difficulties for both the ancient versions and the modern commentators. The verb seems to be cognate to Arabic hakara, “to oppress; to ill-treat.” This would mean that there has been a transformation of ח (khet) to ה (he). Three Hebrew actually have the ח (khet). This has been widely accepted; other suggestions are irrelevant.