^52:4King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came against Jerusalem with his whole army and set up camp outside it.⁶ They built siege ramps all around it. He arrived on the tenth day of the tenth month in the ninth year that Zedekiah ruled over Judah.⁷^52:5The city remained under siege until Zedekiah’s eleventh year. ^52:6By the ninth day of the fourth month⁸ the famine in the city was so severe the residents⁹ had no food. ^52:7They broke through the city walls, and all the soldiers tried to escape. They left the city during the night. They went through the gate between the two walls that is near the king’s garden.¹⁰ (The Babylonians had the city surrounded.) Then they headed for the Jordan Valley.¹¹^52:8But the Babylonian army chased after the king. They caught up with Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho,¹² and his entire army deserted him. ^52:9They captured him and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah¹³ in the territory of Hamath and he passed sentence on him there. ^52:10The king of Babylon had Zedekiah’s sons put to death while Zedekiah was forced to watch. He also had all the nobles of Judah put to death there at Riblah. ^52:11He had Zedekiah’s eyes put out and had him bound in chains.¹⁴ Then the king of Babylon had him led off to Babylon and he was imprisoned there until the day he died.

^52:12On the tenth¹⁵ day of the fifth month,¹⁶ in the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard¹⁷ who served¹⁸ the king of Babylon, arrived in Jerusalem. ^52:13He burned down the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and all the houses in Jerusalem, including every large house. ^52:14The whole Babylonian army that came with the captain of the royal guard tore down the walls that surrounded Jerusalem. ^52:15Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard, took into exile some of the poor,¹⁹ the rest of the people who remained in the city, those who had deserted to him, and the rest of the craftsmen. ^52:16But he²⁰ left behind some of the poor²¹ and gave them fields and vineyards.

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Footnotes

6 Or “against.”
7 This would have been January 15, 588 b.c. The reckoning is based on the calendar that begins the year in the spring (Nisan = March/April).
8 According to modern reckoning that would have been July 18, 586 b.c. The siege thus lasted almost a full eighteen months.
9 Heb “the people of the land.”
10 The king’s garden is mentioned again in Neh 3:15 in conjunction with the pool of Siloam and the stairs that go down from the city of David. This would have been in the southern part of the city near the Tyropean Valley which agrees with the reference to the “two walls” which were probably the walls on the eastern and western hills.
11 Heb “toward the Arabah.” The Arabah was the rift valley north and south of the Dead Sea. Here the intention was undoubtedly to escape across the Jordan to Moab or Ammon. It appears from 40:14; 41:15 that the Ammonites were known to harbor fugitives from the Babylonians.
12 For location see ; ; ; ; ; .
13 Riblah was a strategic town on the Orontes River in Syria. It was at a crossing of the major roads between Egypt and Mesopotamia. Pharaoh Necho had earlier received Jehoahaz there and put him in chains (2 Kgs 23:33) prior to taking him captive to Egypt. Nebuchadnezzar had set up his base camp for conducting his campaigns against the Palestinian states there and was now sitting in judgment on prisoners brought to him.
14 Heb “fetters of bronze.” The more generic “chains” is used in the translation because “fetters” is a word unfamiliar to most modern readers.
15 The parallel account in 2 Kgs 25:8 has “seventh.”
16 The tenth day of the month would have been August 17, 586 b.c. in modern reckoning.
17 For the meaning of this phrase see 371 טַבָּח 2 and compare the usage in Gen 39:1.
18 Heb “stood before.”
19 Heb “poor of the people.”
20 Heb “Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard.” However, the subject is clear from the preceding and modern English style would normally avoid repeating the proper name and title.
21 Heb “poor of the land.”