15 The term תְלוּאִים (télu’im, Qal passive participle masculine plural from תָּלָא, tala’, “to hang”) literally means “[My people] are hung up” ( 1067 תָּלָא). The verb תָּלָא//תָּלָה (“to hang”) is often used in a concrete sense to describe hanging an item on a peg (Ps 137:2; Song 4:4; Isa 22:24; Ezek 15:3; 27:10) or the impaling of the body of an executed criminal (Gen 40:19, 22; 41:13; Deut 21:22, 23; Josh 8:29; 10:26; 2 Sam 21:12; Esth 2:23; 5:14; 6:4; 7:9, 10; 8:7; 9:13, 14, 25). It is used figuratively here to describe Israel’s moral inability to detach itself from apostasy. Several English versions capture the sense well: “My people are bent on turning away from me” (, ), “My people are determined to turn from me” (), “My people are determined to reject me” (; “desert me”), “My people persist in its defection from me” (), and “they insist on turning away from me” ().
16 The 1st person common singular suffix on the noun מְשׁוּבָתִי (méshuvati; literally, “turning of me”) functions as an objective genitive: “turning away from me.”
17 The meaning and syntax of the is enigmatic: וְאֶל־עַל יִקְרָאֻהוּ (vé’el-’al yiqra’uhu, “they call upwards to him”). Many English versions including , , , take the referent of “him” as the “most High.” The editors suggest reading וְאֶל־בַּעַל יִקְרָא וְהוּא (vé’el-ba’al yiqra’ vehu’, “they call to Baal, but he …”), connecting the 3rd person masculine singular independent personal pronoun וְהוּא (véhu’, “but he …”) with the following clause. The early Greek recensions (Aquila and Symmachus), as well as the Aramaic and the , vocalized עֹל (’ol) as “yoke” (as in 11:4): “they cry out because of [their] yoke” (a reading followed by ).