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Exodus 22:1

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Laws about Property

22:112“If a man steals an ox or a sheep and kills it or sells it, he must pay back3 five head of cattle for the ox, and four sheep for the one sheep.4

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Footnotes

  1. 1 The next section of laws concerns property rights. These laws protected property from thieves and oppressors, but also set limits to retribution. The message could be: God’s laws demand that the guilty make restitution for their crimes against property and that the innocent be exonerated.
  2. 2 Beginning with 22:1, the verse numbers through 22:31 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (), with 22:1 = 21:37 , 22:2 = 22:1 , etc., through 22:31 = 22:30 . Thus in the English Bible ch. 22 has 31 verses, while in the Hebrew Bible it has 30 verses, with the one extra verse attached to ch. 21 in the Hebrew Bible.
  3. 3 The imperfect tense here has the nuance of obligatory imperfect—he must pay back.
  4. 4 בָּקַר (baqar) and צֹאן (tso’n) are the categories to which the ox and the sheep belonged, so that the criminal had some latitude in paying back animals.

In other versions

ESVEnglish Standard Version

“If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it or sells it, he shall repay five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.

NIVNew International Version (2011)

“Whoever steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it must pay back five head of cattle for the ox and four sheep for the sheep.

CSBChristian Standard Bible

“When a man steals an ox or a sheep and butchers it or sells it, he must repay five cattle for the ox or four sheep for the sheep.

NLTNew Living Translation

“If someone steals an ox or sheep and then kills or sells it, the thief must pay back five oxen for each ox stolen, and four sheep for each sheep stolen.

LEBThe Lexham English Bible

“ ‘If a man steals an ox or small livestock and slaughters it or sells it, he will make restitution with five cattle in place of the ox and with four sheep or goats in place of the small livestock.

KJV 1900King James Version

If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.