Exodus 13:1–2

Footnotes

1. 1 This next section seems a little confusing at first glance: vv. 1 and 2 call for the dedication of the firstborn, then vv. 3–10 instruct concerning the ritual of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, and then vv. 11–16 return to the firstborn. B. Jacob (Exodus, 360) explains that vv. 3–16 contain a sermon, in which Moses “began his speech by reminding the people of the events which had just occurred and how they would be recalled by them in the future,” and then he explained the rulings that went along with it. So the first two verses state the core of the sermon, a new command calling for the redeemed (firstborn) to be sanctified. The second portion stresses that God requires the redeemed to remember their redemption by purifying themselves (3–10). The third section (11–16) develops the theme of dedication to Yahweh. The point is that in view of God’s mighty redemption, the redeemed (represented by the firstborn) must be set apart for Yahweh’s service.
2. 2 Heb “and Yahweh spoke.”
3. 3 The verb “sanctify” is the Piel imperative of קָדַשׁ (qadash). In the Qal stem it means “be holy, be set apart, be distinct,” and in this stem “sanctify, set apart.” Here is the central principle of the chapter—the firstborn were sacred to God and must be “set apart” (the meaning of the verb “sanctify”) for his use.
4. 4 The word פֶּטֶּר (petter) means “that which opens”; this construction literally says, “that which opens every womb,” which means “the first offspring of every womb.” Verses 12 and 15 further indicate male offspring.
5. 5 Heb “to me it.” The preposition here expresses possession; the construction is simply “it [is, belongs] to me.”