Ecclesiastes 3:9

Footnotes

1. 9 The term הָעוֹשֶׂה (ha’oseh, article + Qal active participle from עָשַׂה, ’asah, “to do”) functions substantively (“the worker”); see 794 עָשַׂה II.1. This is a figurative description of man (metonymy of association), and plays on the repetition of עָשַׂה (verb: “to do,” noun: “work”) throughout the passage. In the light of God’s orchestration of human affairs, man’s efforts cannot change anything. It refers to man in general with the article functioning in a generic sense (see §13.5.1f; 2: §137.m).
2. 10 This rhetorical question is an example of negative affirmation, expecting a negative answer: “Man gains nothing from his toil!” (see E. W. Bullinger, Figures of Speech, ). Any advantage that man might gain from his toil is nullified by his ignorance of divine providence.