Ecclesiastes 2:23
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2:23For all day long102 his work produces pain and frustration,103
and even at night his mind cannot relax!104
This also is futile!
Footnotes
- 102 Heb “all his days.”
- 103 The syntax of this verse has been interpreted in two different ways: (1) The phrase “all his days” (כָל־יָמָיו, khol-yamayv) is the subject of a verbless clause, and the noun “pain” (מַכְאֹבִים, makh’ovim) is a predicate nominative or a predicate of apposition (see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 15–16, §71). Likewise, the noun “his work” (עִנְיָנוֹ, ’inyano) is the subject of a second verbless clause, and the vexation” (כַעַס, kha’as) is a predicate nominative: “All his days are pain, and his work is vexation.” (2) The noun “his work” (עִנְיָנוֹ) is the subject of both nouns, “pain and vexation” (וָכַעַס מַכְאֹבִים, makh’ovim vakha’as), which are predicate nominatives, while the phrase “all his days” (כָל־יָמָיו) is an adverbial accusative functioning temporally: “All day long, his work is pain and vexation.” The latter option is supported by the parallelism between “even at night” and “all day long.” This verse draws out an ironic contrast/comparison between his physical toil/labor during the day and his emotional anxiety at night. Even at night, he has no break!
- 104 Heb “his heart (i.e., mind) does not rest.”
The NET Bible First Edition, Copyright 1996-2005 by Biblical Studies Press
In other versions
ESVEnglish Standard Version
For all his days are full of sorrow, and his work is a vexation. Even in the night his heart does not rest. This also is vanity.
Copyright 2001 Crossway Bibles
NIVNew International Version (2011)
All their days their work is grief and pain; even at night their minds do not rest. This too is meaningless.
Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 Biblica, Inc.
CSBChristian Standard Bible
For all his days are filled with grief, and his occupation is sorrowful; even at night, his mind does not rest. This too is futile.
Copyright 2017 Holman Bible Publishers
NLTNew Living Translation
Their days of labor are filled with pain and grief; even at night their minds cannot rest. It is all meaningless.
Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers. All rights reserved.
LEBThe Lexham English Bible
All his days are painful, his labor brings grief, and his heart cannot rest at night. This also is vanity!
Copyright 2012 Lexham Press
KJV 1900King James Version
For all his days are sorrows, and his travail grief; yea, his heart taketh not rest in the night. This is also vanity.
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