Ecclesiastes 7:29–8:1

Footnotes

1. 1 The preposition ךְּ (kaf) prefixed to כְּהֶחָכָם (kéhekhakham, “wise man”) is traditionally taken in a comparative sense: “Who is like [or as] the wise man?” On the other hand, it may denote identity, e.g., Gen 1:26; Num 11:1; 1 Sam 20:3; 2 Sam 9:8; Neh 7:2; Job 10:9; Nah 3:6 (see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 47, §261; §11.2.9b).
2. 2 The definite article on הֶחָכָם (hekhakham, “wise man”) may be taken in an individualizing (“the wise man”) or generic sense (“a wise man”).
3. 3 Or “the explanation.” The noun פֵּשֶׁר (pesher) denotes “solution; explanation; interpretation; meaning” ( פֵּשֶׁר; 833 פֵּשֶׁר). The Hebrew term is an Aramaic loanword from פִּשְׁרָא (pishra’, “diagnosis; meaning; solution”). The Aramaic noun פְּשַׁר (péshar, “interpretation of a dream or prophecy”) and verb פְּשַׁר (péshar, “to interpret a dream or prophecy”) reflect a later meaning not present in Ecclesiastes, but current at the time of Daniel (Dan 2:5–7; 4:3, 15, 16; 5:12, 15, 16; 7:16) and Qumran (e.g., 1QpHab).
4. 4 Heb “a thing.”
5. 5 Heb “makes his face shine.”
6. 6 The vocalizes the consonantal form ישנא as יְשֻׁנֶּא (yéshunne’, Pual imperfect 3rd person masculine singular from I שָׁנָה, shana, “to change”). However, the μισθήσεται (misthēsetai) reflects an alternate vocalization tradition of יִשָּׂנֵא (yissane’, Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular from שָׂנֵא, sane’, “to hate”), while the ’s commutabit reflects יְשַׁנֶּה (yéshanneh, Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular from II שָׁנָה, shanah, “to repeat”). Heb “the strength of his face is changed.”
7. 7 Heb “the strength of his face is changed.” The expression עֹז פָּנָיו (’oz panayv, “strength of his face”) is an idiom for “boldness; impudence” ( 739 עֹז 4) or “hard face” = harsh countenance ( I עֹז 1.c).