1 Or “rose like the sun” (, ).
2 Heb “to him.” The reads “to us” (לָנוּ [lanu] for לָמוֹ [lamo]), the reading of the is acceptable since it no doubt has in mind Israel as a collective singular. Heb “him”; the referent (Israel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
3 Or “he shone forth” (, , , ).
4 With slight alteration (מִמְרִבַת קָדֵשׁ [mimrivat qadesh] for the ’s מֵרִבְבֹת קֹדֶשׁ [merivvot qodesh]) the translation would be “from Meribah Kadesh” (cf. , ; see Deut 32:51). However, the language of holy war in the immediate context favors the reading of the , which views the Lord as accompanied by angelic hosts.
5 The mispointed Hebrew term אֵשְׁדָּת (’eshdat) should perhaps be construed as אֵשְׁהַת (’eshhat) with .
6 Heb “peoples.” The apparent plural form is probably a misunderstood singular (perhaps with a pronominal suffix) with enclitic mem (ם). See עַם B.2.
7 Heb “his holy ones.” The third person masculine singular suffix of the Hebrew is problematic in light of the second person masculine singular suffix on בְּיָדֶךָ (béyadekha, “your hands”). The versions by Lucian and Origen read, therefore, “the holy ones.” The version by Theodotion and the , however, presuppose third masculine singular suffix on בְּיָדָיו (béyadayv, “his hands”), and thus retain “his holy ones.” The efforts to bring pronominal harmony into the line is commendable but unnecessary given the Hebrew tendency to be untroubled by such grammatical inconsistencies. However, the translation harmonizes the first pronoun with the second so that the referent (the Lord) is clear.
8 Heb “hands.” For the problem of the pronoun see note on the term “holy ones” earlier in this verse.
9 The Hebrew term תֻּכּוּ (tuku, probably Pual perfect of תָּכָה, takhah) is otherwise unknown. The present translation is based on the reference to feet and, apparently, receiving instruction in God’s words (cf. , ). Other options are as follows: “At your feet they all bow down” (cf. , ); “They follow in your steps” (cf. , ); “they marched at your heels.”
10 The singular verbal form in the Hebrew text (lit. “he lifts up”) is understood in a distributive manner, focusing on the action of each individual within the group.