^14:12These are the ones you may not eat: the eagle,¹⁶ the vulture,¹⁷ the black vulture,¹⁸^14:13the kite, the black kite, the dayyah¹⁹ after its species, ^14:14every raven after its species, ^14:15the ostrich,²⁰ the owl,²¹ the seagull, the falcon²² after its species, ^14:16the little owl, the long-eared owl, the white owl,²³^14:17the jackdaw,²⁴ the carrion vulture, the cormorant, ^14:18the stork, the heron after its species, the hoopoe, the bat, ^14:19and any winged thing on the ground are impure to you—they may not be eaten.²⁵

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Footnotes

16 “the griffon-vulture.”
17 The Hebrew term פֶּרֶס (peres) describes a large vulture otherwise known as the ossifrage (cf. ). This largest of the vultures takes its name from its habit of dropping skeletal remains from a great height so as to break the bones apart.
18 The Hebrew term עָזְנִיָּה (’ozniyyah) may describe the black vulture (so ) or it may refer to the osprey (so , , ), an eagle-like bird subsisting mainly on fish.
19 The Hebrew term is דַּיָּה (dayyah). This, with the previous two terms (רָאָה [ra’ah] and אַיָּה [’ayyah]), is probably a kite of some species but otherwise impossible to specify.
20 Or “owl.” The Hebrew term בַּת הַיַּעֲנָה (bat hayya’anah) is sometimes taken as “ostrich” (so , , , , ), but may refer instead to some species of owl (cf. “owl”; “desert-owl”; “horned owl”).
21 The Hebrew term תַּחְמָס (takhmas) is either a type of owl (cf. “short-eared owl”; “screech owl”) or possibly the nighthawk (so , ).
22 The Hebrew term נֵץ (nets) may refer to the falcon or perhaps the hawk (so , ).
23 The Hebrew term תִּנְשֶׁמֶת (tinshemet) may refer to a species of owl (cf. “horned owl”; , , “white owl”) or perhaps even to the swan (so ); cf. “water hen.”
24 The Hebrew term קָאַת (qa’at) may also refer to a type of owl (, , “desert owl”) or perhaps the pelican (so , , ).
25 The reads the Niphal (passive) for expected Qal (“you [plural] must not eat”); cf. , . However, the harder reading should stand.

In other versions

ESVEnglish Standard Version

But these are the ones that you shall not eat: the eagle, the bearded vulture, the black vulture, the kite, the falcon of any kind; every raven of any kind; the ostrich, the nighthawk, the sea gull, the hawk of any kind; the little owl and the short-eared owl, the barn owl and the tawny owl, the carrion vulture and the cormorant, the stork, the heron of any kind; the hoopoe and the bat. And all winged insects are unclean for you; they shall not be eaten.

NIVNew International Version (2011)

But these you may not eat: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture, the red kite, the black kite, any kind of falcon, any kind of raven, the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, the little owl, the great owl, the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey, the cormorant, the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.

All flying insects are unclean to you; do not eat them.

CSBChristian Standard Bible

but these are the ones you may not eat:

eagles, bearded vultures,

black vultures, the kites,

any kind of falcon,

every kind of raven, ostriches,

short-eared owls, gulls,

any kind of hawk,

little owls, long-eared owls,

barn owls, eagle owls,

ospreys, cormorants, storks,

any kind of heron,

hoopoes, and bats.

All winged insects are unclean for you; they may not be eaten.

NLTNew Living Translation

These are the birds you may not eat: the griffon vulture, the bearded vulture, the black vulture, the kite, the falcon, buzzards of all kinds, ravens of all kinds, the eagle owl, the short-eared owl, the seagull, hawks of all kinds, the little owl, the great owl, the barn owl, the desert owl, the Egyptian vulture, the cormorant, the stork, herons of all kinds, the hoopoe, and the bat.

“All winged insects that walk along the ground are ceremonially unclean for you and may not be eaten.

LEBThe Lexham English Bible

Now these are the ones you shall not eat any of them: the eagle and the vulture and the short-toed eagle, and the red kite and the black kite or any kind of falcon, and any kind of crow according to its kind, and the ostrich and the short-eared owl and the seagull and the hawk according to its kind, the little owl and the great owl and the barn owl, and the desert owl and the carrion vulture and the cormorant, and the stork and the heron according to its kind and the hoopoe and the bat. And also all of the winged insects; they are unclean for you; you shall not eat them.

KJV 1900King James Version

But these are they of which ye shall not eat: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray, And the glede, and the kite, and the vulture after his kind, And every raven after his kind, And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind, The little owl, and the great owl, and the swan, And the pelican, and the gier eagle, and the cormorant, And the stork, and the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat. And every creeping thing that flieth is unclean unto you: they shall not be eaten.

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