Acts 12:19

Footnotes

1. 56 King Herod was Herod Agrippa I, the grandson of Herod I (Herod the Great).
2. 57 Or “had instigated a search” (Herod would have ordered the search rather than conducting it himself).
3. 58 “Questioned” is used to translate ἀνακρίνας (anakrinas) here because a possible translation offered by ἀνακρίνω for this verse is “examined,” which could be understood to mean Herod inspected the guards rather than questioned them. The translation used by the , “cross-examined,” also avoids this possible misunderstanding.
4. 59 The meaning “led away to execution” for ἀπαχθῆναι (apachthēnai) in this verse is given by ἀπάγω 2.c. Although an explicit reference to execution is lacking here, it is what would usually occur in such a case (Acts 16:27; 27:42; Code of Justinian 9.4.4). “Led away to torture” is a less likely option (Pliny the Younger, Letters 10, 96, 8).
5. 60 Grk “and,” but the sequence of events is better expressed in English by “then.” A new sentence is begun in the translation because of the length of the sentence in Greek, which exceeds normal English sentence length.
6. 61 Grk “he”; the referent (Herod) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Since Herod has been the subject of the preceding material, and the circumstances of his death are the subject of the following verses (20–23), it is best to understand Herod as the subject here. This is especially true since according to Josephus, 19.8.2 [19.343–352], Herod Agrippa I died at Caesarea in a.d. 44, and vv. 20–23 here describe his death. Thus the end of v. 19 provides Luke’s transition to explain how Herod got from Jerusalem to Caesarea where he died. In spite of all this evidence, the translates this phrase “Then Peter went down from Judea to Caesarea and stayed there,” understanding the referent to be Peter rather than Herod Agrippa I. King Herod was Herod Agrippa I, the grandson of Herod I (Herod the Great), who died at Caesarea in a.d. 44 according to Josephus, 19.8.2 [19.343–352].
7. 62 Caesarea was a city on the coast of Palestine south of Mount Carmel (not Caesarea Philippi). See the note on Caesarea in . For location see ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .