1 Samuel 15:32

Footnotes

1. 45 The reading מַעֲדַנֹּת (ma’adannot, literally, “bonds,” used here adverbially, “in bonds”) is difficult. The word is found only here and in Job 38:31. Part of the problem lies in determining the root of the word. Some scholars have taken it to be from the root ענד (’nd, “to bind around”), but this assumes a metathesis of two of the letters of the root. Others take it from the root עדן (’dn) with the meaning “voluptuously,” but this does not seem to fit the context. It seems better to understand the word to be from the root מעד (m’d, “to totter” or “shake”). In that case it describes the fear that Agag experienced in realizing the mortal danger that he faced as he approached Samuel. This is the way that the translators understood the word, rendering it by the Greek participle τρέμον (tremon, “trembling”).
2. 46 Heb “and Agag said.”
3. 47 The text is difficult here. With the , two Old Latin , and the it is probably preferable to delete סָר (sar, “is past”) of the ; it looks suspiciously like a dittograph of the following word מַר (mar, “bitter”). This further affects the interpretation of Agag’s comment. In the he comes to Samuel confidently assured that the danger is over (cf. , , “Surely the bitterness of death is past,” along with , ). However, it seems more likely that Agag realized that his fortunes had suddenly taken a turn for the worse and that the clemency he had enjoyed from Saul would not be his lot from Samuel. The present translation thus understands Agag to approach not confidently but in the stark realization that his death is imminent (“Surely death is bitter!”). Cf. “So it is bitter death!”; “Surely this is the bitterness of death”; “What a bitter thing it is to die!”