1 *Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, acalled to be an apostle, bseparated unto the gospel of God, 2 c(Which he had promised afore dby his prophets in the holy scriptures,) 3 Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, ewhich was fmade of the seed of David according to the flesh; 4 And †declared to be gthe Son of God with power, according hto the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead: 5 By whom iwe have received grace and japostleship, ||for kobedience to the faith lamong all nations, lfor his name: 6 Among whom are ye also the mcalled of Jesus Christ: 7 To all that be in Rome, beloved of God, mcalled to be saints: nGrace to you and peace from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.

8 First, oI thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that pyour faith is spoken of throughout the whole world. 9 For qGod is my witness, rwhom I serve ||with my spirit in the gospel of his Son, that swithout ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers; 10 tMaking request, if by any means now at length I might uhave a prosperous journey vby the will of God to come unto you. 11 For I long to see you, that wI may impart unto you xsome spiritual gift, to the end you may be established; 12 That is, that I may be comforted together ||with you by ythe mutual faith both of you and me. 13 Now I would not have you ignorant, brethren, that zoftentimes I purposed to come unto you, (but awas let hitherto,) that I might have bsome cfruit ||among you also, even as among other Gentiles. 14 dI am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the eBarbarians; both to the wise, and to the unwise. 15 So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the gospel to you that are at Rome also. 16 For fI am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for git is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to hthe Jew ifirst, and also to hthe jGreek. 17 For therein kis the righteousness of God revealed from kkfaith to faith: as it is written, lThe just shall live by faith.

18 For mthe wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; 19 nBecause othat which may be known of God is manifest ||in them; for God hath shewed it unto them. 20 For othe invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, pbeing understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; ||so that they are qwithout excuse: 21 Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but rbecame svain in their imaginations, and their tfoolish heart swas darkened. 22 uProfessing themselves to be wise, they became fools, 23 And vchanged the glory of the uncorruptible God into wan image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and wfourfooted beasts, and creeping things. 24 Wherefore xGod also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, yto dishonour their own bodies between themselves: 25 Who changed zthe truth of God into aa lie, and worshipped and served the creature ||more than the Creator, who is bblessed for ever. Amen.

26 For this cause xGod gave them up unto cvile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: 27 And likewise also dthe men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their elust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet. 28 And even as they did not flike ||to retain God in their knowledge, xGod gave them over to ||a reprobate mind, to do those things gwhich are not convenient; 29 Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, hiwickedness, hcovetousness, ijkmaliciousness; full of kenvy, murder, debate, deceit, lmalignity; mwhisperers, 30 mBackbiters, nhaters of God, odespiteful, hpproud, pboasters, qinventors of evil things, pdisobedient to parents, 31 rWithout understanding, covenantbreakers, ||swithout natural affection, simplacable, unmerciful: 32 Who knowing tthe judgment of God, that they which commit such things uare worthy of death, not only do the same, but ||xhave pleasure in them that do them.