tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

sn The archangel Michael had a special role in protecting the nation of Israel in the OT (Dan 10:13, 21; 12:1; see also Jude 9).

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the implied contrast.

tn The words “to prevail” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.

tn Grk “found.”

tn Grk “for them”; the referent (the dragon and his angels, v. 7) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of the war in heaven.

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

tn Or “the right of his Messiah to rule.” See L&N 37.35.

tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelphoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). The translation “fellow believer” would normally apply (L&N 11.23), but since the speaker(s) are not specified in this context, it is not clear if such a translation would be appropriate here. The more generic “brothers and sisters” was chosen to emphasize the fact of a relationship without specifying its type.

tn Or “who accuses them continually.”

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast.

sn They did not love their lives. See Matt 16:25; Luke 17:33; John 12:25.

tn The word “But” is not in the Greek text, but the contrast is clearly implied. This is a case of asyndeton (lack of a connective).

tn Grk “and is filled,” a continuation of the previous sentence. Because English tends to use shorter sentences (especially when exclamations are involved), a new sentence was started here in the translation.

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” because the clause it introduces is clearly resumptive.

tn Grk “saw.”

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.

tn Or “desert.”

tn The word “God” is supplied based on the previous statements made concerning “the place prepared for the woman” in 12:6.

tc The reading “and half a time” (καὶ ἥμισυ καιροῦ, kai hēmisu kairou) is lacking in the important uncial C. Its inclusion, however, is supported by {𝔓47 א A and the rest of the ms tradition}. There is apparently no reason for the scribe of C to intentionally omit the phrase, and the fact that the word “time” (καιρὸν καὶ καιρούς, kairon kai kairous) appears twice before may indicate a scribal oversight.

sn The parallel statement in Rev 12:6 suggests that the phrase a time, times, and half a time equals 1,260 days (three and a half years of 360 days each).

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

tn Grk “so that he might make her swept away.”

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.

tn Grk “the earth helped the woman.”

tn Grk “the earth opened its mouth” (a metaphor for the ground splitting open).

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the woman’s escape.

tn Grk “her seed” (an idiom for offspring, children, or descendants).

tn Or “who obey.”

tn Grk “and having.”

tn Grk “the testimony of Jesus,” which may involve a subjective genitive (“Jesus’ testimony”) or, more likely, an objective genitive (“testimony about Jesus”).