Psalm 5:4–6

Footnotes

1. 8 Or “for.”
2. 9 Heb “not a God [who] delights [in] wickedness [are] you.”
3. 10 The Hebrew text has simply the singular form רע, which may be taken as an abstract noun “evil” (the reference to “wickedness” in the preceding line favors this; cf. , , ) or as a substantival adjective “evil one” (the references to evil people in the next two verses favor this; cf. “with you the wicked cannot dwell”).
4. 11 Heb “cannot dwell as a resident alien [with] you.” The negated imperfect verbal form here indicates incapability or lack of permission. These people are morally incapable of dwelling in God’s presence and are not permitted to do so. Only the godly are allowed to dwell with the Lord. Evil people are excluded. See Ps 15.
5. 12 Heb “before your eyes.”
6. 13 You hate. The Lord “hates” the wicked in the sense that he despises their wicked character and deeds and actively opposes and judges them for their wickedness. See Ps 11:5.
7. 14 Heb “all the workers of wickedness.”
8. 15 The imperfect verbal form indicates God’s typical response to such individuals. Another option is to translate the verb as future (“You will destroy”); the psalmist may be envisioning a time of judgment when God will remove the wicked from the scene.
9. 16 Heb “those who speak a lie.” In the OT a “lie” does not refer in a general philosophical sense to any statement that fails to correspond to reality. Instead it refers more specifically to a slanderous and/or deceitful statement that promotes one’s own selfish, sinful interests and/or exploits or harms those who are innocent. Note the emphasis on violence and deceit in the following line.
10. 17 The imperfect verbal form highlights the Lord’s characteristic attitude toward such individuals.
11. 18 Heb “a man of bloodshed and deceit.” The singular אִישׁ (’ish, “man”) is used here in a collective or representative sense; thus the translation “people” is appropriate here. Note the plural forms in vv. 5–6a.