John 10:22–23

Footnotes

1. 55 That is, Hanukkah or the ‘Festival of Lights.’ The Greek name for the feast, τὰ ἐγκαίνια (ta enkainia), literally means “renewal” and was used to translate Hanukkah which means “dedication.” The Greek noun, with its related verbs, was the standard term used in the for the consecration of the altar of the Tabernacle (Num 7:10–11), the altar of the temple of Solomon (1 Kgs 8:63; 2 Chr 7:5), and the altar of the second temple (Ezra 6:16). The word is thus connected with the consecration of all the houses of God in the history of the nation of Israel. The feast of the Dedication (also known as Hanukkah) was a feast celebrating annually the Maccabean victories of 165–164 b.c.—when Judas Maccabeus drove out the Syrians, rebuilt the altar, and rededicated the temple on 25 Kislev (1 Macc 4:41–61). From a historical standpoint, it was the last great deliverance the Jewish people had experienced, and it came at a time when least expected. Josephus ends his account of the institution of the festival with the following statement: “And from that time to the present we observe this festival, which we call the festival of Lights, giving this name to it, I think, from the fact that the right to worship appeared to us at a time when we hardly dared hope for it” ( 12.7.6 [12.325]).
2. 56 For location see ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
3. 57 It was winter. The feast began on 25 Kislev, in November–December of the modern Gregorian calendar.
4. 58 Grk “in the temple.”
5. 59 Or “portico,” “colonnade”; Grk “stoa.” Solomon’s Portico was a covered walkway formed by rows of columns supporting a roof and open on the inner side facing the center of the temple complex.