^25:19I made all of these other people drink it: Pharaoh, king of Egypt;⁴⁹ his attendants, his officials, his people, ^25:20the foreigners living in Egypt;⁵⁰ all the kings of the land of Uz;⁵¹ all the kings of the land of the Philistines,⁵² the people of Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, the people who had been left alive from Ashdod;⁵³^25:21all the people of Edom,⁵⁴ Moab,⁵⁵ Ammon;⁵⁶^25:22all the kings of Tyre,⁵⁷ all the kings of Sidon;⁵⁸ all the kings of the coastlands along the sea;⁵⁹^25:23the people of Dedan, Tema, Buz,⁶⁰ all the desert people who cut their hair short at the temples;⁶¹^25:24all the kings of Arabia who⁶² live in the desert; ^25:25all the kings of Zimri;⁶³ all the kings of Elam;⁶⁴ all the kings of Media;⁶⁵^25:26all the kings of the north, whether near or far from one another; and all the other kingdoms which are on the face of the earth. After all of them have drunk the wine of the Lord’s wrath,⁶⁶ the king of Babylon⁶⁷ must drink it.

Read in Logos

Footnotes

49 See further Jer 46:2–28 for the judgment against Egypt.
50 The meaning of this term and its connection with the preceding is somewhat uncertain. This word is used of the mixture of foreign people who accompanied Israel out of Egypt (Exod 12:38) and of the foreigners that the Israelites were to separate out of their midst in the time of Nehemiah (Neh 13:3). Most commentators interpret it here of the foreign people who were living in Egypt. (See 786 I עֶרֶב and 733 II עֶרֶב.)
51 The land of Uz was Job’s homeland (Job 1:1). The exact location is unknown but its position here between Egypt and the Philistine cities suggests it is south of Judah, probably in the Arabian peninsula. Lam 4:21 suggests that it was near Edom.
52 See further Jer 47:1–7 for the judgment against the Philistines. The Philistine cities were west of Judah.
53 The Greek historian Herodotus reports that Ashdod had been destroyed under the Pharaoh who preceded Necho, Psammetichus.
54 See further Jer 49:7–22 for the judgment against Edom. Edom, Moab, and Ammon were east of Judah.
55 See further Jer 48:1–47 for the judgment against Moab.
56 See further Jer 49:1–6 for the judgment against Ammon.
57 For location see ; ; ; ; .
58 Tyre and Sidon are mentioned within the judgment on the Philistines in Jer 47:4. They were Phoenician cities to the north and west of Judah on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in what is now Lebanon. For location see ; ; .
59 The connection with Tyre and Sidon suggests that these were Phoenician colonies. See also Isa 23:2.
60 Dedan and Tema are mentioned together in Isa 21:13–14 and located in the desert. They were located in the northern part of the Arabian peninsula south and east of Ezion Geber. Buz is not mentioned anywhere else and its location is unknown. Judgment against Dedan and Tema is mentioned in conjunction with the judgment on Edom in Jer 49:7–8.
61 For the discussion regarding the meaning of the terms here see the notes on . See Jer 9:26 where these are mentioned in connection with Moab, Edom, and Ammon.
62 Or “and all the kings of people of mixed origin who.” The Greek version gives evidence of having read the term only once; it refers to the “people of mixed origin” without reference to the kings of Arabia. While the term translated “people of mixed origin” seems appropriate in the context of a group of foreigners within a larger entity (e.g. Israel in Exod 12:38; Neh 13:3; Egypt in Jer 50:37), it seems odd to speak of them as a separate entity under their own kings. The presence of the phrase in the Hebrew text and the other versions dependent upon it can be explained as a case of dittography. See further Jer 49:28–33 for judgment against some of these Arabian peoples.
63 The kingdom of Zimri is mentioned nowhere else, so its location is unknown.
64 See further Jer 49:34–39 for judgment against Elam.
65 Elam and Media were east of Babylon; Elam in the south and Media in the north. They were in what is now western Iran.
66 The words “have drunk the wine of the Lord’s wrath” are not in the text. They are supplied in the translation for clarity at the end of the list to serve as a transition to the next sentence which does not directly mention the cup or the Lord’s wrath.
67 Heb “the king of Sheshach.” “Sheshach” is a code name for Babylon formed on the principle of substituting the last letter of the alphabet for the first, the next to the last for the second, and so on. On this principle Hebrew שׁ (shin) is substituted for Hebrew ב (bet) and Hebrew ך (kaf) is substituted for Hebrew ל (lamed). On the same principle “Leb Kamai” in Jer 51:1 is a code name for Chasdim or Chaldeans which is Jeremiah’s term for the Babylonians. No explanation is given for why the code names are used. The name “Sheshach” for Babylon also occurs in Jer 51:41 where the term Babylon is found in parallelism with it.

In other versions

ESVEnglish Standard Version

Pharaoh king of Egypt, his servants, his officials, all his people, and all the mixed tribes among them; all the kings of the land of Uz and all the kings of the land of the Philistines (Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod); Edom, Moab, and the sons of Ammon; all the kings of Tyre, all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the coastland across the sea; Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all who cut the corners of their hair; all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the mixed tribes who dwell in the desert; all the kings of Zimri, all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of Media; all the kings of the north, far and near, one after another, and all the kingdoms of the world that are on the face of the earth. And after them the king of Babylon shall drink.

NIVNew International Version (2011)

Pharaoh king of Egypt, his attendants, his officials and all his people, and all the foreign people there; all the kings of Uz; all the kings of the Philistines (those of Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the people left at Ashdod); Edom, Moab and Ammon; all the kings of Tyre and Sidon; the kings of the coastlands across the sea; Dedan, Tema, Buz and all who are in distant places; all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the foreign people who live in the wilderness; all the kings of Zimri, Elam and Media; and all the kings of the north, near and far, one after the other—all the kingdoms on the face of the earth. And after all of them, the king of Sheshak will drink it too.

CSBChristian Standard Bible

Pharaoh king of Egypt, his officers, his leaders, all his people,

and all the mixed peoples;

all the kings of the land of Uz;

all the kings of the land of the Philistines—Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod;

Edom, Moab, and the Ammonites;

all the kings of Tyre,

all the kings of Sidon,

and the kings of the coasts and islands;

Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all those who clip the hair on their temples;

all the kings of Arabia,

and all the kings of the mixed peoples who have settled in the desert;

all the kings of Zimri,

all the kings of Elam,

and all the kings of Media;

all the kings of the north, both near and far from one another;

that is, all the kingdoms of the world throughout the earth.

Finally, the king of Sheshak will drink after them.

NLTNew Living Translation

I gave the cup to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, his attendants, his officials, and all his people, along with all the foreigners living in that land. I also gave it to all the kings of the land of Uz and the kings of the Philistine cities of Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and what remains of Ashdod. Then I gave the cup to the nations of Edom, Moab, and Ammon, and the kings of Tyre and Sidon, and the kings of the regions across the sea. I gave it to Dedan, Tema, and Buz, and to the people who live in distant places. I gave it to the kings of Arabia, the kings of the nomadic tribes of the desert, and to the kings of Zimri, Elam, and Media. And I gave it to the kings of the northern countries, far and near, one after the other—all the kingdoms of the world. And finally, the king of Babylon himself drank from the cup of the Lord’s anger.

LEBThe Lexham English Bible

Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, and his servants, and his officials, and all his people; and all the other people; and all the kings of the land of Uz; and all the kings of the land of the Philistines—Ashkelon, and Gaza, and Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod; Edom, and Moab, and the Ammonites; and all the kings of Tyre, and all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the coastland that is across the sea; and Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all those who are trimmed to the side; and all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the other people who dwell in the desert; and all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of Media; and all the kings of the north, near and far, each one to his brother, and all the kingdoms of the world that are on the face of the earth; and the king of Sheshach, he will drink after them.

KJV 1900King James Version

Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, and his princes, and all his people; And all the mingled people, and all the kings of the land of Uz, and all the kings of the land of the Philistines, and Ashkelon, and Azzah, and Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod, Edom, and Moab, and the children of Ammon, And all the kings of Tyrus, and all the kings of Zidon, and the kings of the isles which are beyond the sea, Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all that are in the utmost corners, And all the kings of Arabia, and all the kings of the mingled people that dwell in the desert, And all the kings of Zimri, and all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes, And all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another, and all the kingdoms of the world, which are upon the face of the earth: and the king of Sheshach shall drink after them.

Public Domain