Jeremiah 23:14–17

Footnotes

1. 43 For location see ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
2. 44 Or “they commit adultery and deal falsely.” The word “shocking” only occurs here and in 5:30 where it is found in the context of prophesying lies. This almost assures that the reference to “walking in lies” (Heb “in the lie”) is referring to false prophesy. Moreover the references to the prophets in 5:13 and in 14:13–15 are all in the context of false prophesy as are the following references in this chapter in 23:24, 26, 32 and in 28:15. This appears to be the theme of this section. This also makes it likely that the reference to adultery is not literal adultery, though two of the false prophets in Babylon were guilty of this (29:23). The reference to “encouraging those who do evil” that follows also makes more sense if they were preaching messages of comfort rather than messages of doom. The verbs here are infinitive absolutes in place of the finite verb, probably used to place greater emphasis on the action (cf. Hos 4:2 in a comparable judgment speech.)
3. 45 Heb “So they strengthen the hands of those doing evil so that they do not turn back from their evil.” For the use of the figure “strengthen the hands” meaning “encourage” see Judg 9:24; Ezek 13:22 (and cf. 304 חָזַק Piel.2). The vav consecutive on the front of the form gives the logical consequence equivalent to “so” in the translation.
4. 46 Heb “All of them are to me like Sodom and its [Jerusalem’s] inhabitants like Gomorrah.” The rhetoric of this passage is very forceful. Like Amos who focuses attention on the sins of the surrounding nations to bring out more forcefully the heinousness of Israel’s sin, God focuses attention on the sins of the prophets of Samaria to bring out the even worse sin of the prophets of Jerusalem. (The oracle is directed at them, not at the prophets of Samaria. See the announcement of judgment that follows.) The Lord has already followed that tack with Judah in Jeremiah 2 (cf. 2:11). Moreover, he here compares the prophets and the evil-doing citizens of Jerusalem, whom they were encouraging through their false prophesy, to the people of Sodom and Gomorrah who were proverbial for their wickedness (Deut 32:32; Isa 1:10).
5. 47 Heb “Yahweh of armies.” See the study note on for explanation of this title.
6. 48 Heb “Therefore, thus says the Lord … concerning the prophets.” The person is shifted to better conform with English style and the word “of Jerusalem” is supplied in the translation to avoid the possible misunderstanding that the judgment applies to the prophets of Samaria who had already been judged long before.
7. 49 Heb “I will feed this people wormwood and make them drink poison water.” For these same words of judgment on another group see 9:15 (9:14 ). “Wormwood” and “poison water” are not to be understood literally here but are symbolic of judgment and suffering. See, e.g., 542 לַעֲנָה.
8. 50 The compound preposition מֵאֵת (me’et) expresses source or origin (see 86 אֵת 4.c). Context shows that the origin is in their false prophesying which encourages people in their evil behavior.
9. 51 A word that derives from this same Hebrew word is used in v. 11 at the beginning of the Lord’s criticism of the prophet and priest. This is a common rhetorical device for bracketing material that belongs together. The criticism has, however, focused on the false prophets and the judgment due them.
10. 52 Heb “Yahweh of armies.” See the study note on for explanation of this title.
11. 53 The words “to the people of Jerusalem” are not in the Hebrew text but are supplied in the translation to reflect the masculine plural form of the imperative and the second masculine plural form of the pronoun. These words have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
12. 54 Heb “They tell of a vision of their own heart [= mind] not from the mouth of the Lord.”
13. 55 The translation reflects an emphatic construction where the infinitive absolute follows a participle (cf. §113.r).
14. 56 The translation follows the Greek version. The Hebrew text reads, “who reject me, ‘The Lord has spoken, “Things …” ’ ” The Greek version is to be preferred here because of (1) the parallelism of the lines “reject what the Lord has said” // “follow the stubborn inclinations of their own hearts;” (2) the preceding context which speaks of “visions of their own imaginations not of what the Lord has given them;” (3) the following context which denies that they have ever had access to the Lord’s secrets; (4) the general contexts earlier regarding false prophecy where rejection of the Lord’s word is in view (6:14 [see there v. 10]; 8:11 [see there v. 9]); (5) the meter of the poetic lines (the Hebrew meter is 3/5/4/3; the meter presupposed by the translation is 5/3/4/3 with the 3’s being their words). The difference is one of vocalization of the same consonants. The vocalization of the is יְהוָה מְנַאֲצַי דִּבֶּר [ména’atsay dibber yéhvah]; the Hebrew behind the Greek would be vocalized as מְנַאֲצֵי דְּבַר יְהוָה (ména’atsey dévar yéhvah).
15. 57 Heb “You will have peace.” But see the note on . See also 6:14 and 8:11.