^46:1So Israel began his journey, taking with him all that he had.¹ When he came to Beer Sheba² he offered sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac. ^46:2God spoke to Israel in a vision during the night³ and said, “Jacob, Jacob!” He replied, “Here I am!” ^46:3He said, “I am God,⁴ the God of your father. Do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for I will make you into a great nation there. ^46:4I will go down with you to Egypt and I myself will certainly bring you back from there.⁵ Joseph will close your eyes.”⁶

^46:5Then Jacob started out⁷ from Beer Sheba, and the sons of Israel carried their father Jacob, their little children, and their wives in the wagons that Pharaoh had sent along to transport him. ^46:6Jacob and all his descendants took their livestock and the possessions they had acquired in the land of Canaan, and they went to Egypt.⁸^46:7He brought with him to Egypt his sons and grandsons,⁹ his daughters and granddaughters—all his descendants.

^46:8These are the names of the sons of Israel who went to Egypt—Jacob and his sons:

Reuben, the firstborn of Jacob.

^46:9The sons of Reuben:

Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.

^46:10The sons of Simeon:

Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar,

and Shaul (the son of a Canaanite woman).

^46:11The sons of Levi:

Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

^46:12The sons of Judah:

Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah

(but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan).

The sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul.

^46:13The sons of Issachar:

Tola, Puah,¹⁰ Jashub,¹¹ and Shimron.

^46:14The sons of Zebulun:

Sered, Elon, and Jahleel.

^46:15These were the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan Aram, along with Dinah his daughter. His sons and daughters numbered thirty-three in all.¹²

^46:16The sons of Gad:

Zephon,¹³ Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi, and Areli.

^46:17The sons of Asher:

Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and Serah their sister.

The sons of Beriah were Heber and Malkiel.

^46:18These were the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter. She bore these to Jacob, sixteen in all.

^46:19The sons of Rachel the wife of Jacob:

Joseph and Benjamin.

^46:20Manasseh and Ephraim were born to Joseph in the land of Egypt. Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On,¹⁴ bore them to him.

^46:21The sons of Benjamin:¹⁵

Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim and Ard.

^46:22These were the sons of Rachel who were born to Jacob, fourteen in all.

^46:23The son of Dan: Hushim.¹⁶

^46:24The sons of Naphtali:

Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem.

^46:25These were the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel his daughter. She bore these to Jacob, seven in all.

^46:26All the direct descendants of Jacob who went to Egypt with him were sixty-six in number. (This number does not include the wives of Jacob’s sons.)¹⁷^46:27Counting the two sons¹⁸ of Joseph who were born to him in Egypt, all the people of the household of Jacob who were in Egypt numbered seventy.¹⁹

^46:28Jacob²⁰ sent Judah before him to Joseph to accompany him to Goshen.²¹ So they came to the land of Goshen. ^46:29Joseph harnessed his chariot and went up to meet his father Israel in Goshen. When he met him,²² he hugged his neck and wept on his neck for quite some time.

^46:30Israel said to Joseph, “Now let me die since I have seen your face and know that you are still alive.”²³^46:31Then Joseph said to his brothers and his father’s household, “I will go up and tell Pharaoh,²⁴ ‘My brothers and my father’s household who were in the land of Canaan have come to me. ^46:32The men are shepherds;²⁵ they take care of livestock.²⁶ They have brought their flocks and their herds and all that they have.’ ^46:33Pharaoh will summon you and say, ‘What is your occupation?’ ^46:34Tell him, ‘Your servants have taken care of cattle²⁷ from our youth until now, both we and our fathers,’ so that you may live in the land of Goshen,²⁸ for everyone who takes care of sheep is disgusting²⁹ to the Egyptians.”

Joseph’s Wise Administration

^47:1Joseph went and told Pharaoh, “My father, my brothers, their flocks and herds, and all that they own have arrived from the land of Canaan. They are now¹ in the land of Goshen.” ^47:2He took five of his brothers and introduced them to Pharaoh.²

^47:3Pharaoh said to Joseph’s³ brothers, “What is your occupation?” They said to Pharaoh, “Your servants take care of flocks, just as our ancestors did.”⁴^47:4Then they said to Pharaoh, “We have come to live as temporary residents⁵ in the land. There⁶ is no pasture for your servants’ flocks because the famine is severe in the land of Canaan. So now, please let your servants live in the land of Goshen.”

^47:5Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Your father and your brothers have come to you. ^47:6The land of Egypt is before you; settle your father and your brothers in the best region of the land. They may live in the land of Goshen. If you know of any highly capable men⁷ among them, put them in charge⁸ of my livestock.”

^47:7Then Joseph brought in his father Jacob and presented him⁹ before Pharaoh. Jacob blessed¹⁰ Pharaoh. ^47:8Pharaoh said to Jacob, “How long have you lived?”¹¹^47:9Jacob said to Pharaoh, “All¹² the years of my travels¹³ are 130. All¹⁴ the years of my life have been few and painful;¹⁵ the years of my travels are not as long as those of my ancestors.”¹⁶^47:10Then Jacob blessed Pharaoh and went out from his presence.¹⁷

^47:11So Joseph settled his father and his brothers. He gave them territory¹⁸ in the land of Egypt, in the best region of the land, the land of Rameses,¹⁹ just as Pharaoh had commanded. ^47:12Joseph also provided food for his father, his brothers, and all his father’s household, according to the number of their little children.

^47:13But there was no food in all the land because the famine was very severe; the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan wasted away²⁰ because of the famine. ^47:14Joseph collected all the money that could be found in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan as payment²¹ for the grain they were buying. Then Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh’s palace.²²^47:15When the money from the lands of Egypt and Canaan was used up, all the Egyptians²³ came to Joseph and said, “Give us food! Why should we die²⁴ before your very eyes because our money has run out?”

^47:16Then Joseph said, “If your money is gone, bring your livestock, and I will give you food²⁵ in exchange for²⁶ your livestock.” ^47:17So they brought their livestock to Joseph, and Joseph gave them food in exchange for their horses, the livestock of their flocks and herds, and their donkeys.²⁷ He got them through that year by giving them food in exchange for livestock.

^47:18When that year was over, they came to him the next year and said to him, “We cannot hide from our²⁸ lord that the money is used up and the livestock and the animals belong to our lord. Nothing remains before our lord except our bodies and our land. ^47:19Why should we die before your very eyes, both we and our land? Buy us and our land in exchange for food, and we, with our land, will become²⁹ Pharaoh’s slaves.³⁰ Give us seed that we may live³¹ and not die. Then the land will not become desolate.”³²

^47:20So Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh. Each³³ of the Egyptians sold his field, for the famine was severe.³⁴ So the land became Pharaoh’s. ^47:21Joseph³⁵ made all the people slaves³⁶ from one end of Egypt’s border to the other end of it. ^47:22But he did not purchase the land of the priests because the priests had an allotment from Pharaoh and they ate from their allotment that Pharaoh gave them. That is why they did not sell their land.

^47:23Joseph said to the people, “Since I have bought you and your land today for Pharaoh, here is seed for you. Cultivate³⁷ the land. ^47:24When you gather in the crop,³⁸ give³⁹ one-fifth of it to Pharaoh, and the rest⁴⁰ will be yours for seed for the fields and for you to eat, including those in your households and your little children.” ^47:25They replied, “You have saved our lives! You are showing us favor,⁴¹ and we will be Pharaoh’s slaves.”⁴²

^47:26So Joseph made it a statute,⁴³ which is in effect⁴⁴ to this day throughout the land of Egypt: One-fifth belongs to Pharaoh. Only the land of the priests did not become Pharaoh’s.

^47:27Israel settled in the land of Egypt, in the land of Goshen, and they owned land there. They were fruitful and increased rapidly in number.

^47:28Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years; the years⁴⁵ of Jacob’s life were 147 in all. ^47:29The time⁴⁶ for Israel to die approached, so he called for his son Joseph and said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, put your hand under my thigh⁴⁷ and show me kindness and faithfulness.⁴⁸ Do not bury me in Egypt, ^47:30but when I rest⁴⁹ with my fathers, carry me out of Egypt and bury me in their burial place.” Joseph⁵⁰ said, “I will do as you say.”

^47:31Jacob⁵¹ said, “Swear to me that you will do so.”⁵² So Joseph⁵³ gave him his word.⁵⁴ Then Israel bowed down⁵⁵ at the head of his bed.⁵⁶

Read in Logos

Footnotes

1 Heb “and Israel journeyed, and all that was his.”
2 Beer Sheba. See Gen 21:31; 28:10.
3 Heb “in visions of the night.” The plural form has the singular meaning, probably as a plural of intensity.
4 Heb “the God.”
5 Heb “and I, I will bring you up, also bringing up.” The independent personal pronoun before the first person imperfect verbal form draws attention to the speaker/subject, while the infinitive absolute after the imperfect strongly emphasizes the statement: “I myself will certainly bring you up.”
6 Heb “and Joseph will put his hand upon your eyes.” This is a promise of peaceful death in Egypt with Joseph present to close his eyes.
7 Heb “arose.”
8 Heb “and they took their livestock and their possessions which they had acquired in the land of Canaan and they went to Egypt, Jacob and all his offspring with him.” The order of the clauses has been rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.
9 The Hebrew text adds “with him” here. This is omitted in the translation because it is redundant in English style (note the same phrase earlier in the verse).
10 The reads “Puvah” (cf. Num 26:23); the Samaritan Pentateuch and read “Puah” (cf. 1 Chr 7:1).
11 The reads “Iob,” but the Samaritan Pentateuch and some read “Jashub” (see Num 26:24; 1 Chr 7:1).
12 Heb “all the lives of his sons and his daughters, thirty-three.”
13 The reads “Ziphion,” but see Num 26:15, the Samaritan Pentateuch and the , all of which read “Zephon.”
14 On is another name for the city of Heliopolis.
15 The sons of Benjamin. It is questionable whether youthful Benjamin had ten sons by the time he went into Egypt, but it is not impossible. If Benjamin was born when Joseph was six or seven, he was ten when Joseph was sold into Egypt, and would have been thirty-two at this point. Some suggest that the list originally served another purpose and included the names of all who were in the immediate family of the sons, whether born in Canaan or later in Egypt.
16 This name appears as “Shuham” in Num 26:42. The reads “Hashum” here.
17 Heb “All the people who went with Jacob to Egypt, the ones who came out of his body, apart from the wives of the sons of Jacob, all the people were sixty-six.” The number sixty-six includes the seventy-one descendants (including Dinah) listed in vv. 8–25 minus Er and Onan (deceased), and Joseph, Manasseh, and Ephraim (already in Egypt).
18 The reads “nine sons,” probably counting the grandsons of Joseph born to Ephraim and Manasseh (cf. 1 Chr 7:14–20).
19 Heb “And the sons of Joseph who were born to him in Egypt were two people; all the people belonging to the house of Jacob who came to Egypt were seventy.” The number seventy includes Jacob himself and the seventy-one descendants (including Dinah, Joseph, Manasseh, and Ephraim) listed in vv. 8–25, minus Er and Onan (deceased). The gives the number as “seventy-five” (cf. Acts 7:14).
20 Heb “and he”; the referent (Jacob) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
21 Heb “to direct before him to Goshen.”
22 Heb “and he appeared to him.”
23 Heb “after my seeing your face that you are still alive.”
24 Heb “tell Pharaoh and say to him.”
25 Heb “feeders of sheep.”
26 Heb “for men of livestock they are.”
27 Heb “your servants are men of cattle.”
28 So that you may live in the land of Goshen. Joseph is apparently trying to stress to Pharaoh that his family is self-sufficient, that they will not be a drain on the economy of Egypt. But they will need land for their animals and so Goshen, located on the edge of Egypt, would be a suitable place for them to live. The settled Egyptians were uneasy with nomadic people, but if Jacob and his family settled in Goshen they would represent no threat.
29 Heb “is an abomination.” The Hebrew word תּוֹעֵבָה (to’evah, “abomination”) describes something that is loathsome or off-limits. For other practices the Egyptians considered disgusting, see Gen 43:32 and Exod 8:22.
1 Heb “Look they [are] in the land of Goshen.” Joseph draws attention to the fact of their presence in Goshen.
2 Heb “and from the whole of his brothers he took five men and presented them before Pharaoh.”
3 Heb “his”; the referent (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4 Heb “both we and our fathers.”
5 Heb “to sojourn.”
6 Heb “for there.” The Hebrew uses a causal particle to connect what follows with what precedes. The translation divides the statement into two sentences for stylistic reasons.
7 Heb “men of skill.”
8 Heb “make them rulers.” Put them in charge of my livestock. Pharaoh is, in effect, offering Joseph’s brothers jobs as royal keepers of livestock, a position mentioned often in Egyptian inscriptions, because the Pharaohs owned huge herds of cattle.
9 Heb “caused him to stand.”
10 The precise meaning of the Hebrew verb translated “blessed” is difficult in this passage, because the content of Jacob’s blessing is not given. The expression could simply mean that he greeted Pharaoh, but that seems insufficient in this setting. Jacob probably praised Pharaoh, for the verb is used this way for praising God. It is also possible that he pronounced a formal prayer of blessing, asking God to reward Pharaoh for his kindness.
11 Heb “How many are the days of the years of your life?”
12 Heb “the days of.”
13 Heb “sojournings.” Jacob uses a term that depicts him as one who has lived an unsettled life, temporarily residing in many different places.
14 Heb “the days of.”
15 The Hebrew word רַע (ra’) can sometimes mean “evil,” but that would give the wrong connotation here, where it refers to pain, difficulty, and sorrow. Jacob is thinking back through all the troubles he had to endure to get to this point.
16 Heb “and they have not reached the days of the years of my fathers in the days of their sojournings.”
17 Heb “from before Pharaoh.”
18 Heb “a possession,” or “a holding.” Joseph gave them a plot of land with rights of ownership in the land of Goshen.
19 The land of Rameses is another designation for the region of Goshen. It is named Rameses because of a city in that region (Exod 1:11; 12:37). The use of this name may represent a modernization of the text for the understanding of the intended readers, substituting a later name for an earlier one. Alternatively, there may have been an earlier Rameses for which the region was named.
20 The verb לַהַה (lahah, = לָאָה, la’ah) means “to faint, to languish”; it figuratively describes the land as wasting away, drooping, being worn out.
21 Or “in exchange.” On the use of the preposition here see 90 בְּ.
22 Heb “house.”
23 Heb “all Egypt.” The expression is a metonymy and refers to all the people of Egypt.
24 The imperfect verbal form has a deliberative force here.
25 The word “food” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
26 On the use of the preposition here see 90 בְּ.
27 The definite article is translated here as a possessive pronoun.
28 Heb “my.” The expression “my lord” occurs twice more in this verse.
29 After the imperative, the prefixed verbal form with vav here indicates consequence.
30 Pharaoh’s slaves. The idea of slavery is not attractive to the modern mind, but in the ancient world it was the primary way of dealing with the poor and destitute. If the people became slaves of Pharaoh, it was Pharaoh’s responsibility to feed them and care for them. It was the best way for them to survive the famine.
31 After the imperative, the prefixed verbal form with vav here indicates purpose or result.
32 The disjunctive clause structure (vav [ו] + subject + negated verb) highlights the statement and brings their argument to a conclusion.
33 The Hebrew text connects this clause with the preceding one with a causal particle (כִּי, ki). The translation divides the clauses into two sentences for stylistic reasons.
34 The Hebrew text adds “upon them.” This has not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
35 Heb “and he”; the referent (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
36 The reads “and the people he removed to the cities,” which does not make a lot of sense in this context. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the read “he enslaved them as slaves.”
37 The perfect verbal form with the vav consecutive is equivalent to a command here.
38 The words “the crop” have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
39 The perfect form with the vav (ו) consecutive is equivalent to an imperfect of instruction here.
40 Heb “four parts.”
41 Heb “we find favor in the eyes of my lord.” Some interpret this as a request, “may we find favor in the eyes of my lord.”
42 Slaves. See the note on this word in v. .
43 On the term translated “statute” see P. Victor, “A Note on Hoq in the Old Testament,” 16 (1966): 358–61.
44 The words “which is in effect” have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
45 Heb “the days of the years.”
46 Heb “days.”
47 On the expression put your hand under my thigh see Gen 24:2.
48 Or “deal with me in faithful love.”
49 Heb “lie down.” Here the expression “lie down” refers to death.
50 Heb “he”; the referent (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
51 Heb “he”; the referent (Jacob) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
52 Heb “swear on oath to me.” The words “that you will do so” have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
53 Heb “he”; the referent (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
54 Heb “swore on oath to him.”
55 The Hebrew verb normally means “bow down,” especially in worship or prayer. Here it might simply mean “bend low,” perhaps from weakness or approaching death. The narrative is ambiguous at this point and remains open to all these interpretations.
56 The reads מִטָּה (mittah, “bed, couch”). The reads the word as מַטֶּה (matteh, “staff, rod”) and interprets this to mean that Jacob bowed down in worship while leaning on the top of his staff. The reading was used in turn by the writer of the Letter to the Hebrews (Heb 11:21).