Galatians 5:1–15

Freedom of the Believer

5:1 For freedom1 Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not be subject again to the yoke2 of slavery. 5:2 Listen! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no benefit to you at all! 5:3 And I testify again to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey3 the whole law. 5:4 You who are trying to be declared righteous4 by the law have been alienated5 from Christ; you have fallen away from grace! 5:5 For through the Spirit, by faith, we wait expectantly for the hope of righteousness. 5:6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision carries any weight—the only thing that matters is faith working through love.6

5:7 You were running well; who prevented you from obeying7 the truth? 5:8 This persuasion8 does not come from the one who calls you! 5:9 A little yeast makes the whole batch of dough rise!9 5:10 I am confident10 in the Lord that you will accept no other view.11 But the one who is confusing12 you will pay the penalty,13 whoever he may be. 5:11 Now, brothers and sisters,14 if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted?15 In that case the offense of the cross16 has been removed.17 5:12 I wish those agitators18 would go so far as to19 castrate themselves!20

Practice Love

5:13 For you were called to freedom, brothers and sisters;21 only do not use your freedom as an opportunity to indulge your flesh,22 but through love serve one another.23 5:14 For the whole law can be summed up in a single commandment,24 namely, “You must love your neighbor as yourself.”25 5:15 However, if you continually bite and devour one another,26 beware that you are not consumed27 by one another.

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1	tn Translating the dative as “For freedom” shows the purpose for Christ setting us free; however, it is also possible to take the phrase in the sense of means or instrument (“with [or by] freedom”), referring to the freedom mentioned in 4:31 and implied throughout the letter.
2	sn Here the yoke figuratively represents the burdensome nature of slavery.
3	tn Or “keep”; or “carry out”; Grk “do.”
4	tn Or “trying to be justified.” The verb δικαιοῦσθε (dikaiousthe) has been translated as a conative present (see ExSyn 534).
5	tn Or “estranged”; BDAG 526 s.v. καταργέω 4 states, “Of those who aspire to righteousness through the law κ. ἀπὸ Χριστοῦ be estranged from Christ Gal 5:4.”
6	tn Grk “but faith working through love.”
7	tn Or “following.” BDAG 792 s.v. πείθω 3.b states, “obey, follow w. dat. of the pers. or thing … Gal 3:1 v.l.; 5:7.”
8	tn Grk “The persuasion,” referring to their being led away from the truth (v. 7). There is a play on words here that is not easily reproducible in the English translation: The words translated “obey” (πείθεσθαι, peithesthai) in v. 7 and “persuasion” (πεισμονή, peismonē) in v. 8 come from the same root in Greek.
9	tn Grk “A little leaven leavens the whole lump.”
10	tn The verb translated “I am confident” (πέποιθα, pepoitha) comes from the same root in Greek as the words translated “obey” (πείθεσθαι, peithesthai) in v. 7 and “persuasion” (πεισμονή, peismonē) in v. 8.
11	tn Grk “that you will think nothing otherwise.”
12	tn Or “is stirring you up”; Grk “is troubling you.” In context Paul is referring to the confusion and turmoil caused by those who insist that Gentile converts to Christianity must observe the Mosaic law.
13	tn Or “will suffer condemnation” (L&N 90.80); Grk “will bear his judgment.” The translation “must pay the penalty” is given as an explanatory gloss on the phrase by BDAG 171 s.v. βαστάζω 2.b.β.
14	tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.
15	sn That is, if Paul still teaches observance of the Mosaic law (preaches circumcision), why is he still being persecuted by his opponents, who insist that Gentile converts to Christianity must observe the Mosaic law?
16	sn The offense of the cross refers to the offense to Jews caused by preaching Christ crucified.
17	tn Or “nullified.”
18	tn Grk “the ones who are upsetting you.” The same verb is used in Acts 21:38 to refer to a person who incited a revolt. Paul could be alluding indirectly to the fact that his opponents are inciting the Galatians to rebel against his teaching with regard to circumcision and the law.
19	tn Grk “would even.”
20	tn Or “make eunuchs of themselves”; Grk “cut themselves off.” This statement is rhetorical hyperbole on Paul’s part. It does strongly suggest, however, that Paul’s adversaries in this case (“those agitators”) were men. Some interpreters (notably Erasmus and the Reformers) have attempted to soften the meaning to a figurative “separate themselves” (meaning the opponents would withdraw from fellowship) but such an understanding dramatically weakens the rhetorical force of Paul’s argument. Although it has been argued that such an act of emasculation would be unthinkable for Paul, it must be noted that Paul’s statement is one of biting sarcasm, obviously not meant to be taken literally. See further G. Stählin, TDNT 3:853–55.
21	tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.
22	tn Grk “as an opportunity for the flesh”; BDAG 915 s.v. σάρξ 2.c.α states: “In Paul’s thought esp., all parts of the body constitute a totality known as ς. or flesh, which is dominated by sin to such a degree that wherever flesh is, all forms of sin are like. present, and no good thing can live in the σάρξ … Gal 5:13, 24; … Opp. τὸ πνεῦμα … Gal 3:3; 5:16, 17ab; 6:8ab.”
23	tn It is possible that the verb δουλεύετε (douleuete) should be translated “serve one another in a humble manner” here, referring to the way in which slaves serve their masters (see L&N 35.27).
24	tn Or “can be fulfilled in one commandment.”
25	sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.
26	tn That is, “if you are harming and exploiting one another.” Paul’s metaphors are retained in most modern translations, but it is possible to see the meanings of δάκνω and κατεσθίω (daknō and katesthiō, L&N 20.26 and 88.145) as figurative extensions of the literal meanings of these terms and to translate them accordingly. The present tenses here are translated as customary presents (“continually …”).
27	tn Or “destroyed.”

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