Acts 17:1–6

Paul and Silas at Thessalonica

17:1 After they traveled through1 Amphipolis2 and Apollonia,3 they came to Thessalonica,4 where there was a Jewish synagogue.5 17:2 Paul went to the Jews in the synagogue,6 as he customarily did, and on three Sabbath days he addressed7 them from the scriptures, 17:3 explaining and demonstrating8 that the Christ9 had to suffer and to rise from the dead,10 saying,11 “This Jesus I am proclaiming to you is the Christ.”12 17:4 Some of them were persuaded13 and joined Paul and Silas, along with a large group14 of God-fearing Greeks15 and quite a few16 prominent women. 17:5 But the Jews became jealous,17 and gathering together some worthless men from the rabble in the marketplace,18 they formed a mob19 and set the city in an uproar.20 They attacked Jason’s house,21 trying to find Paul and Silas22 to bring them out to the assembly.23 17:6 When they did not find them, they dragged24 Jason and some of the brothers before the city officials,25 screaming, “These people who have stirred up trouble26 throughout the world27 have come here too,

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1	tn BDAG 250 s.v. διοδεύω 1 has “go, travel through” for this verse.
2	sn Amphipolis. The capital city of the southeastern district of Macedonia (BDAG 55 s.v. Ἀμφίπολις). It was a military post. From Philippi this was about 33 mi (53 km).
3	sn Apollonia was a city in Macedonia about 27 mi (43 km) west southwest of Amphipolis.
4	sn Thessalonica (modern Salonica) was a city in Macedonia about 33 mi (53 km) west of Apollonia. It was the capital of Macedonia. The road they traveled over was called the Via Egnatia. It is likely they rode horses, given their condition in Philippi. The implication of v. 1 is that the two previously mentioned cities lacked a synagogue. map For location see JP1-C1; JP2-C1; JP3-C1; JP4-C1.
5	sn See the note on synagogue in 6:9.
6	tn Grk “he went in to them”; the referent (the Jews in the synagogue) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
7	tn Although the word διελέξατο (dielexato; from διαλέγομαι, dialegomai) is frequently translated “reasoned,” “disputed,” or “argued,” this sense comes from its classical meaning where it was used of philosophical disputation, including the Socratic method of questions and answers. However, there does not seem to be contextual evidence for this kind of debate in Acts 17:2. As G. Schrenk (TDNT 2:94–95) points out, “What is at issue is the address which any qualified member of a synagogue might give.” Other examples of this may be found in the NT in Matt 4:23 and Mark 1:21.
8	tn BDAG 772 s.v. παρατίθημι 2.b has “demonstrate, point out” here.
9	tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.” sn See the note on Christ in 2:31.
10	sn The Christ had to suffer and to rise from the dead. These two points (suffering and resurrection) would have been among the more controversial aspects of Paul’s messianic preaching. The term translated “had to” (δεῖ, dei) shows how divine design and scripture corresponded here.
11	tn The Greek words used here (καὶ ὅτι, kai hoti, “and that”) mark the switch from indirect to direct discourse. Contemporary English requires the use of an introductory verb of speaking or saying to make this transition.
12	tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.” sn See the note on Christ in 2:31. The identification of the Messiah with Jesus indicates Paul was proclaiming the fulfillment of messianic promise.
13	tn Or “convinced.”
14	tn Or “a large crowd.”
15	tn Or “of devout Greeks,” but this is practically a technical term for the category called God-fearers, Gentiles who worshiped the God of Israel and in many cases kept the Mosaic law, but did not take the final step of circumcision necessary to become a proselyte to Judaism. See further K. G. Kuhn, TDNT 6:732–34, 743–44. Luke frequently mentions such people (Acts 13:43, 50; 16:14; 17:17; 18:7).
16	tn Grk “not a few”; this use of negation could be misleading to the modern English reader, however, and so has been translated as “quite a few” (which is the actual meaning of the expression).
17	tn Grk “becoming jealous.” The participle ζηλώσαντες (zēlōsantes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. So elsewhere in Acts (5:17; 7:9; 13:45).
18	tn Literally ἀγοραῖος (agoraios) refers to the crowd in the marketplace, although BDAG 14–15 s.v. ἀγοραῖος 1 gives the meaning, by extension, as “rabble.” Such a description is certainly appropriate in this context. L&N 15.127 translates the phrase “worthless men from the streets.”
19	tn On this term, which is a NT hapax legomenon, see BDAG 745 s.v. ὀχλοποιέω.
20	tn BDAG 458 s.v. θορυβέω 1 has “set the city in an uproar, start a riot in the city” for the meaning of ἐθορύβουν (ethoruboun) in this verse.
21	sn The attack took place at Jason’s house because this was probably the location of the new house church.
22	tn Grk “them”; the referents (Paul and Silas) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
23	tn BDAG 223 s.v. δῆμος 2 has “in a Hellenistic city, a convocation of citizens called together for the purpose of transacting official business, popular assembly προάγειν εἰς τὸν δ. Ac 17:5.”
24	tn See BDAG 977–78 s.v. σύρω on this verb. It was used in everyday speech of dragging in fish by a net, or dragging away someone’s (presumably) dead body (Paul in Acts 14:19).
25	tn L&N 37.93 defines πολιτάρχης (politarchēs) as “a public official responsible for administrative matters within a town or city and a member of the ruling council of such a political unit—‘city official’ ” (see also BDAG 845 s.v.).
26	tn Or “rebellion.” BDAG 72 s.v. ἀναστατόω has “disturb, trouble, upset,” but in light of the references in the following verse to political insurrection, “stirred up rebellion” would also be appropriate.
27	tn Or “the empire.” This was a way of referring to the Roman empire (BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 2.b). sn Throughout the world. Note how some of those present had knowledge of what had happened elsewhere. Word about Paul and his companions and their message was spreading.

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