Acts 13:18–22

13:18 For74 a period of about forty years he put up with75 them in the wilderness.76 13:19 After77 he had destroyed78 seven nations79 in the land of Canaan, he gave his people their land as an inheritance.80 13:20 All this took81 about four hundred fifty years. After this82 he gave them judges until the time of83 Samuel the prophet. 13:21 Then they asked for a king, and God gave them Saul son of Kish, a man from the tribe of Benjamin, who ruled84 forty years. 13:22 After removing him, God85 raised up86 David their king. He testified about him:87 ‘I have found David88 the son of Jesse to be a man after my heart,89 who will accomplish everything I want him to do.’90

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74	tn Grk “And for.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
75	tn For this verb, see BDAG 1017 s.v. τροποφορέω (cf. also Deut 1:31; Exod 16:35; Num 14:34).
76	tn Or “desert.”
77	tn Grk “And after.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
78	tn The participle καθελών (kathelōn) is taken temporally.
79	sn Seven nations. See Deut 7:1.
80	tn Grk “he gave their land as an inheritance.” The words “his people” are supplied to complete an ellipsis specifying the recipients of the land.
81	tn The words “all this took” are not in the Greek text, but are supplied to make a complete statement in English. There is debate over where this period of 450 years fits and what it includes: (1) It could include the years in Egypt, the conquest of Canaan, and the distribution of the land; (2) some connect it with the following period of the judges. This latter approach seems to conflict with 1 Kgs 6:1; see also Josephus, Ant. 8.3.1 (8.61).
82	tn Grk “And after these things.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
83	tn The words “the time of” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.
84	tn The words “who ruled” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. They have been supplied as a clarification for the English reader. See Josephus, Ant. 6.14.9 (6.378).
85	tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
86	sn The expression raised up refers here to making someone king. There is a wordplay here: “raising up” refers to bringing someone onto the scene of history, but it echoes with the parallel to Jesus’ resurrection.
87	tn Grk “about whom.” The relative pronoun (“whom”) was replaced by the pronoun “him” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style, due to the length of the sentence in Greek. The verb εἶπεν (eipen) has not been translated (literally “he said testifying”) because it is redundant when combined with the participle μαρτυρήσας (marturēsas, “testifying”). Instead the construction of verb plus participle has been translated as a single English verb (“testified”).
88	sn A quotation from Ps 89:20.
89	sn A quotation from 1 Sam 13:14.
90	tn Or “who will perform all my will,” “who will carry out all my wishes.”

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