Acts 19:23–20:16

19:23 At80 that time81 a great disturbance82 took place concerning the Way.83 19:24 For a man named Demetrius, a silversmith who made silver shrines84 of Artemis,85 brought a great deal86 of business87 to the craftsmen. 19:25 He gathered88 these89 together, along with the workmen in similar trades,90 and said, “Men, you know that our prosperity91 comes from this business. 19:26 And you see and hear that this Paul has persuaded92 and turned away93 a large crowd,94 not only in Ephesus95 but in practically all of the province of Asia,96 by saying97 that gods made by hands are not gods at all.98 19:27 There is danger not only that this business of ours will come into disrepute,99 but also that the temple of the great goddess Artemis100 will be regarded as nothing,101 and she whom all the province of Asia102 and the world worship will suffer the loss of her greatness.”103

19:28 When104 they heard105 this they became enraged106 and began to shout,107 “Great is Artemis108 of the Ephesians!” 19:29 The109 city was filled with the uproar,110 and the crowd111 rushed to the theater112 together,113 dragging with them Gaius and Aristarchus, the Macedonians who were Paul’s traveling companions. 19:30 But when Paul wanted to enter the public assembly,114 the disciples would not let him. 19:31 Even some of the provincial authorities115 who were his friends sent116 a message117 to him, urging him not to venture118 into the theater. 19:32 So then some were shouting one thing, some another, for the assembly was in confusion, and most of them did not know why they had met together.119 19:33 Some of the crowd concluded120 it was about121 Alexander because the Jews had pushed him to the front.122 Alexander, gesturing123 with his hand, was wanting to make a defense124 before the public assembly.125 19:34 But when they recognized126 that he was a Jew, they all shouted in unison,127 “Great is Artemis128 of the Ephesians!” for about two hours.129 19:35 After the city secretary130 quieted the crowd, he said, “Men of Ephesus, what person131 is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is the keeper132 of the temple of the great Artemis133 and of her image that fell from heaven?134 19:36 So because these facts135 are indisputable,136 you must keep quiet137 and not do anything reckless.138 19:37 For you have brought these men here who are neither temple robbers139 nor blasphemers of our goddess.140 19:38 If then Demetrius and the craftsmen who are with him have a complaint141 against someone, the courts are open142 and there are proconsuls; let them bring charges against one another there.143 19:39 But if you want anything in addition,144 it will have to be settled145 in a legal assembly.146 19:40 For147 we are in danger of being charged with rioting148 today, since there is no cause we can give to explain149 this disorderly gathering.”150 19:41 After151 he had said152 this,153 he dismissed the assembly.154

Paul Travels Through Macedonia and Greece

20:1 After the disturbance had ended, Paul sent for the disciples, and after encouraging1 them and saying farewell,2 he left to go to Macedonia.3 20:2 After he had gone through those regions4 and spoken many words of encouragement5 to the believers there,6 he came to Greece,7 20:3 where he stayed8 for three months. Because the Jews had made9 a plot10 against him as he was intending11 to sail12 for Syria, he decided13 to return through Macedonia.14 20:4 Paul15 was accompanied by Sopater son of Pyrrhus from Berea,16 Aristarchus and Secundus from Thessalonica,17 Gaius18 from Derbe,19 and Timothy, as well as Tychicus and Trophimus from the province of Asia.20 20:5 These had gone on ahead21 and were waiting for us in Troas.22 20:6 We23 sailed away from Philippi24 after the days of Unleavened Bread,25 and within five days26 we came to the others27 in Troas,28 where we stayed for seven days. 20:7 On the first day29 of the week, when we met30 to break bread, Paul began to speak31 to the people, and because he intended32 to leave the next day, he extended33 his message until midnight. 20:8 (Now there were many lamps34 in the upstairs room where we were meeting.)35 20:9 A young man named Eutychus, who was sitting in the window,36 was sinking37 into a deep sleep while Paul continued to speak38 for a long time. Fast asleep,39 he fell down from the third story and was picked up dead. 20:10 But Paul went down,40 threw himself41 on the young man,42 put his arms around him,43 and said, “Do not be distressed, for he is still alive!”44 20:11 Then Paul45 went back upstairs,46 and after he had broken bread and eaten, he talked with them47 a long time, until dawn. Then he left. 20:12 They took the boy home alive and were greatly48 comforted.

The Voyage to Miletus

20:13 We went on ahead49 to the ship and put out to sea50 for Assos,51 intending52 to take Paul aboard there, for he had arranged it this way.53 He54 himself was intending55 to go there by land.56 20:14 When he met us in Assos,57 we took him aboard58 and went to Mitylene.59 20:15 We set sail60 from there, and on the following day we arrived off Chios.61 The next day we approached62 Samos,63 and the day after that we arrived at Miletus.64 20:16 For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus65 so as not to spend time66 in the province of Asia,67 for he was hurrying68 to arrive in Jerusalem,69 if possible,70 by the day of Pentecost.

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80	tn Grk “There happened at that time.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Instead the verb “took place” has been supplied in the translation.
81	tn BDAG 512 s.v. κατά B.2.a, “in definite indications of time … Of the past: κ. ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρόν at that time, then … Ac 12:1; 19:23.”
82	tn Grk “no little disturbance” (an idiom; see BDAG 991 s.v. τάραχος 2).
83	sn The Way refers to the Christian movement (Christianity).
84	tn BDAG 665 s.v. ναός 1.a states, “Specif. of temples: of replicas of the temple of Artemis at Ephesus 19:24 … but here, near ἱερόν vs. 27 … ναός can be understood in the more restricted sense shrine, where the image of the goddess stood.”
85	sn Artemis was the name of a Greek goddess worshiped particularly in Asia Minor, whose temple, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was located just outside the city of Ephesus.
86	tn Grk “brought not a little business” (an idiom).
87	sn A great deal of business. The charge that Christianity brought economic and/or social upheaval was made a number of times in Acts: 16:20–21; 17:6–7; 18:13.
88	tn Grk “gathering.” The participle συναθροίσας (sunathroisas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
89	tn Grk “whom”; because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) has been replaced with a pronoun (“these”) and a new sentence begun in the translation.
90	sn Workmen in similar trades. In effect, Demetrius gathered the Ephesian chamber of commerce together to hear about the threat to their prosperity.
91	tn Another possible meaning is “that this business is an easy way for us to earn a living.”
92	tn Grk “persuading.” The participle πείσας (peisas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
93	tn Or “misled.”
94	tn BDAG 472 s.v. ἱκανός 3.a has “of pers. ὄχλος a large crowd … Ac 11:24, 26; 19:26.”
95	map For location see JP1-D2; JP2-D2; JP3-D2; JP4-D2.
96	tn Grk “Asia”; see the note on this word in v. 22.
97	tn The participle λέγων (legōn) has been regarded as indicating instrumentality.
98	tn The words “at all” are not in the Greek text but are implied. sn Gods made by hands are not gods at all. Paul preached against paganism’s idolatry. Here is a one-line summary of a speech like that in Acts 17:22–31.
99	tn Or “come under public criticism.” BDAG 101 s.v. ἀπελεγμός has “come into disrepute Ac 19:27.”
100	sn Artemis was the name of a Greek goddess worshiped particularly in Asia Minor, whose temple, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was located just outside the city of Ephesus.
101	tn BDAG 597 s.v. λογίζομαι 1.b has “εἰς οὐθὲν λογισθῆναι be looked upon as nothing … Ac 19:27.”
102	tn Grk “Asia”; see the note on this word in v. 22.
103	tn Or “her magnificence.” BDAG 488 s.v. καθαιρέω 2.b has “καθαιρεῖσθαι τῆς μεγαλειότητος αὐτῆς suffer the loss of her magnificence Ac 19:27”; L&N 13.38 has “ ‘and to have her greatness done away with’ Ac 19:27.” sn Suffer the loss of her greatness. It is important to appreciate that money alone was not the issue, even for the pagan Ephesians. The issue was ultimately the dishonor of their goddess to whom they were devoted in worship. The battle was a “cosmic” one between deities.
104	tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
105	tn Grk “And hearing.” The participle ἀκούσαντες (akousantes) has been taken temporally.
106	tn Grk “they became filled with rage” (an idiom). The reaction of the Ephesians here is like that of the Jews earlier, though Luke referred to “zeal” or “jealousy” in the former case (Acts 7:54).
107	tn Grk “and began shouting, saying.” The imperfect verb ἔκραζον (ekrazon) has been translated as an ingressive imperfect. The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in English and has not been translated.
108	sn Artemis was a Greek goddess worshiped particularly in Asia Minor, whose temple, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was located just outside the city of Ephesus.
109	tn Grk “And the.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
110	tn L&N 39.43 has “ ‘the uproar spread throughout the whole city’ (literally ‘the city was filled with uproar’) Ac 19:29.” BDAG 954 s.v. σύγχυσις has “confusion, tumult.”
111	tn Grk “they”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
112	sn To the theater. This location made the event a public spectacle. The Grand Theater in Ephesus (still standing today) stood facing down the main thoroughfare of the city toward the docks. It had a seating capacity of 25,000.
113	tn Grk “to the theater with one accord.”
114	tn Or “enter the crowd.” According to BDAG 223 s.v. δῆμος 2, “in a Hellenistic city, a convocation of citizens called together for the purpose of transacting official business, popular assembly … εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὸν δ. go into the assembly 19:30.”
115	tn Grk “Asiarchs” (high-ranking officials of the province of Asia).
116	tn Grk “sending”; the participle πέμψαντες (pempsantes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
117	tn The words “a message” are not in the Greek text but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.
118	tn BDAG 242–43 s.v. δίδωμι 11 has “to cause (oneself) to go, go, venture somewhere (cp. our older ‘betake oneself’) … Ac 19:31.” The desire of these sympathetic authorities was surely to protect Paul’s life. The detail indicates how dangerous things had become.
119	tn Or “had assembled.”
120	tn Or “Some of the crowd gave instructions to.”
121	tn The words “it was about” are not in the Greek text but are implied; Ἀλέξανδρον (Alexandron) is taken to be an accusative of general reference.
122	tn BDAG 865 s.v. προβάλλω 1 has “to cause to come forward, put forward … τινά someone … push someone forward to speak in the theater … Ac 19:33.”
123	tn Or “motioning.”
124	sn The nature of Alexander’s defense is not clear. It appears he was going to explain, as a Jew, that the problem was not caused by Jews, but by those of “the Way.” However, he never got a chance to speak.
125	tn Or “before the crowd.” According to BDAG 223 s.v. δῆμος 2, “in a Hellenistic city, a convocation of citizens called together for the purpose of transacting official business, popular assembly … ἀπολογεῖσθαι τῷ δ. make a defense before the assembly vs. 33.”
126	tn Grk “But recognizing.” The participle ἐπιγνόντες (epignontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
127	tn Grk “[they shouted] with one voice from all of them” (an idiom).
128	sn Artemis was a Greek goddess worshiped particularly in Asia Minor, whose temple, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was located just outside the city of Ephesus, 1.25 mi (2 km) northeast of the Grand Theater. Dimensions were 418 ft by 239 ft (125 m by 72 m) for the platform; the temple proper was 377 ft by 180 ft (113 m by 54 m). The roof was supported by 117 columns, each 60 ft (18 m) high by 6 ft (1.8 m) in diameter. The Emperor Justinian of Byzantium later took these columns for use in construction of the Hagia Sophia, where they still exist (in modern day Istanbul).
129	sn They all shouted … for about two hours. The extent of the tumult shows the racial and social tensions of a cosmopolitan city like Ephesus, indicating what the Christians in such locations had to face.
130	tn Or “clerk.” The “scribe” (γραμματεύς, grammateus) was the keeper of the city’s records.
131	tn This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos).
132	tn See BDAG 670 s.v. νεωκόρος. The city is described as the “warden” or “guardian” of the goddess and her temple.
133	sn Artemis was a Greek goddess worshiped particularly in Asia Minor, whose temple, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was located just outside the city of Ephesus.
134	tn Or “from the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”). sn The expression fell from heaven adds a note of apologetic about the heavenly origin of the goddess. The city’s identity and well-being was wrapped up with this connection, in their view. Many interpreters view her image that fell from heaven as a stone meteorite regarded as a sacred object.
135	tn Grk “these things.”
136	tn The genitive absolute construction with the participle ὄντων (ontōn) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle. On the term translated “indisputable” see BDAG 68–69 s.v. ἀναντίρρητος which has “not to be contradicted, undeniable.”
137	tn Grk “it is necessary that you be quiet.”
138	tn L&N 88.98 has “pertaining to impetuous and reckless behavior—‘reckless, impetuous.’ … ‘so then, you must calm down and not do anything reckless’ Ac 19:36.” The city secretary was asking that order be restored.
139	tn Or perhaps, “desecrators of temples.”
140	sn Nor blasphemers of our goddess. There was no formal crime with which Paul could be charged. He had the right to his religion as long as he did not act physically against the temple. Since no overt act had taken place, the official wanted the community to maintain the status quo on these religious matters. The remarks suggest Paul was innocent of any civil crime.
141	tn BDAG 600 s.v. λόγος 1.a.ε has “ἔχειν πρός τινα λόγον have a complaint against someone … 19:38.”
142	tn L&N 56.1 has ‘if Demetrius and his workers have an accusation against someone, the courts are open’ Ac 19:38.”
143	tn The word “there” is not in the Greek text but is implied. The official’s request is that the legal system be respected.
144	tn Or “anything more than this.”
145	tn Or “resolved.”
146	tn Or “in a legal meeting of the citizens.” L&N 30.81 has “ἐν τῇ ἐννόμῳ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐπιλυθήσεται ‘it will have to be settled in a legal meeting of the citizens’ Ac 19:39.” This meeting took place three times a year.
147	tn Grk “For indeed.” The ascensive force of καί (kai) would be awkward to translate here.
148	tn The term translated “rioting” refers to a revolt or uprising (BDAG 940 s.v. στάσις 2, 3). This would threaten Roman rule and invite Roman intervention.
149	tn Or “to account for.” Grk “since there is no cause concerning which we can give account concerning this disorderly gathering.” The complexity of the Greek relative clause (“which”) and the multiple prepositions (“concerning”) have been simplified in the translation consistent with contemporary English style.
150	tn Or “commotion.” BDAG 979 s.v. συστροφή 1 gives the meaning “a tumultuous gathering of people, disorderly/seditious gathering or commotion … Ac 19:40.”
151	tn Grk “And after.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
152	tn Grk “And saying.” The participle εἰπών (eipōn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
153	tn Grk “these things.”
154	sn Verse 41 in the English text is included as part of verse 40 in the standard critical editions of the Greek NT.
1	tn Or “exhorting.”
2	tn Or “and taking leave of them.”
3	sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.
4	tn BDAG 633 s.v. μέρος 1.b.γ gives the meanings “the parts (of a geographical area), region, district,” but the use of “district” in this context probably implies too much specificity.
5	tn Grk “and encouraging them with many words.” The participle παρακαλέσας (parakalesas, “encouraging”) has been translated by the phrase “spoken … words of encouragement” because the formal equivalent is awkward in contemporary English.
6	tn Grk “[to] them”; the referent (the believers there) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
7	tn In popular usage the term translated “Greece” here could also refer to the Roman province officially known as Achaia (BDAG 318 s.v. Ἐλλάς).
8	tn BDAG 841 s.v. ποιέω 5.c, “w. an acc. of time spend, stay.”
9	tn The participle βενομένης (benomenēs) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle. L&N 30.71 has “ἐπιβουλῆς αὐτῷ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ‘because the Jews had made a plot against him’ Ac 20:3.”
10	sn This plot is one of several noted by Luke (Acts 9:20; 20:19; 23:30).
11	tn BDAG 628 s.v. μέλλω 1.c.γ has “denoting an intended action: intend, propose, have in mind … Ac 17:31; 20:3, 7, 13ab; 23:15; 26:2; 27:30.”
12	tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4 gives “put out to sea” here (as a nautical technical term). However, since the English expression “put out to sea” could be understood to mean Paul was already aboard the ship (which is not clear from the context), the simpler expression “sail” is used at this point in the translation.
13	tn BDAG 199 s.v. γίνομαι 7 has “ἐγένετο γνώμης he decided Ac 20:3.”
14	sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.
15	tn Grk “He”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
16	sn Berea (alternate spelling in NRSV Beroea; Greek Beroia) was a very old city in Macedonia on the river Astraeus about 45 mi (75 km) from Thessalonica. map For location see JP1-C1; JP2-C1; JP3-C1; JP4-C1.
17	tn Grk “of the Thessalonians.” map For location see JP1-C1; JP2-C1; JP3-C1; JP4-C1.
18	tn Grk “and Gaius,” but this καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
19	sn Derbe was a city in Lycaonia about 30 mi (50 km) southeast of Lystra. map For location see JP1-E2; JP2-E2; JP3-E2.
20	tn Grk “the Asians Tychicus and Trophimus.” In the NT “Asia” always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.
21	tn Grk “These, having gone on ahead, were waiting.” The participle προελθόντες (proelthontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
22	sn Troas was a port city (and surrounding region) on the northwest coast of Asia Minor.
23	sn This marks the beginning of another “we” section in Acts. These have been traditionally understood to mean that Luke was in the company of Paul for this part of the journey.
24	map For location see JP1-C1; JP2-C1; JP3-C1; JP4-C1.
25	sn The days of Unleavened Bread refer to the week following Passover. Originally an agricultural festival commemorating the beginning of harvest, it was celebrated for seven days beginning on the fifteenth day of the month Nisan (March–April). It was later combined with Passover (Exod 12:1–20; Ezek 45:21–24; Matt 26:17; Luke 22:1).
26	tn BDAG 160 s.v. ἄχρι 1.a.α has “ἄ. ἡμερῶν πέντε within five days Ac 20:6.”
27	tn Grk “to them”; the referent (the others mentioned in v. 4) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
28	sn Troas was a port city (and surrounding region) on the northwest coast of Asia Minor. From Philippi to Troas was about 125 mi (200 km).
29	sn On the first day. This is the first mention of a Sunday gathering (1 Cor 16:2).
30	tn Or “assembled.”
31	tn The verb διαλέγομαι (dialegomai) is frequently used of Paul addressing Jews in the synagogue. As G. Schrenk (TDNT 2:94–95) points out, “What is at issue is the address which any qualified member of a synagogue might give.” Other examples of this may be found in the NT in Matt 4:23 and Mark 1:21. In the context of a Christian gathering, it is preferable to translate διελέγετο (dielegeto) simply as “speak” here. The imperfect verb διελέγετο has been translated as an ingressive imperfect.
32	tn BDAG 628 s.v. μέλλω 1.c.γ has “denoting an intended action: intend, propose, have in mind … Ac 17:31; 20:3, 7, 13ab; 23:15; 26:2; 27:30.”
33	tn Or “prolonged.”
34	tn More commonly λαμπάς (lampas) means “torch,” but here according to BDAG 585 s.v. λαμπάς 2, “lamp … w. a wick and space for oil.”
35	sn This is best taken as a parenthetical note by the author.
36	tn This window was probably a simple opening in the wall (see also BDAG 462 s.v. θυρίς).
37	tn Grk “sinking into a deep sleep.” BDAG 529 s.v. καταφέρω 3 has “ὕπνῳ βαθεῖ sink into a deep sleep … Ac 20:9a.” The participle καταφερόμενος (katapheromenos) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
38	tn The participle διαλεγομένου (dialegomenou) has been taken temporally.
39	tn BDAG 529 s.v. καταφέρω 3 has “κατενεχθεὶς ἀπὸ τοῦ ὔπνου overwhelmed by sleep vs. 9b,” but this expression is less common in contemporary English than phrases like “fast asleep” or “sound asleep.”
40	tn Grk “going down.” The participle καταβάς (katabas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
41	tn BDAG 377 s.v. ἐπιπίπτω 1.b has “ἐπέπεσεν αὐτῷ he threw himself upon him Ac 20:10.”
42	tn Grk “on him”; the referent (the young man) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
43	tn BDAG 959 s.v. συμπεριλαμβάνω has “to throw one’s arms around, embrace w. acc. to be supplied Ac 20:10.” However, “embraced the young man” might be taken (out of context) to have erotic implications, while “threw his arms around him” would be somewhat redundant since “threw” has been used in the previous phrase.
44	tn Grk “for his life is in him” (an idiom).
45	tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
46	tn Grk “going back upstairs.” The participle ἀναβάς (anabas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
47	tn Grk “talking with them.” The participle ὁμιλήσας (homilēsas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
48	tn Grk “were not to a moderate degree” (an idiom). L&N 78.11 states: “μετρίως: a moderate degree of some activity or state—‘moderately, to a moderate extent.’ ἤγαγον δὲ τὸν παῖδα ζῶντα, καὶ παρεκλήθησαν οὐ μετρίωθς ‘they took the young man home alive and were greatly comforted’ Ac 20:12. In Ac 20:12 the phrase οὐ μετρίως, literally ‘not to a moderate degree,’ is equivalent to a strong positive statement, namely, ‘greatly’ or ‘to a great extent.’ ”
49	tn Grk “going on ahead.” The participle προελθόντες (proelthontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
50	tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4, “as a nautical t.t. (ἀ. τὴν ναῦν put a ship to sea), mid. or pass. ἀνάγεσθαι to begin to go by boat, put out to sea.”
51	sn Assos was a city of Mysia about 24 mi (40 km) southeast of Troas.
52	tn BDAG 628 s.v. μέλλω 1.c.γ has “denoting an intended action: intend, propose, have in mind … Ac 17:31; 20:3, 7, 13ab; 23:15; 26:2; 27:30.”
53	tn Or “for he told us to do this.” Grk “for having arranged it this way, he.” The participle διατεταγμένος (diatetagmenos) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. BDAG 237 s.v. διατάσσω 1 has “οὕτως διατεταγμένος ἦν he had arranged it so Ac 20:13.” L&N 15.224 has “ ‘he told us to do this.”
54	tn A new sentence was begun here in the translation because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence; in Greek this is part of the preceding sentence beginning “We went on ahead.”
55	tn BDAG 628 s.v. μέλλω 1.c.γ has “denoting an intended action: intend, propose, have in mind … Ac 17:31; 20:3, 7, 13ab; 23:15; 26:2; 27:30.”
56	tn Or “there on foot.”
57	sn Assos was a city of Mysia about 24 mi (40 km) southeast of Troas.
58	tn Grk “taking him aboard, we.” The participle ἀναλαβόντες (analabontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
59	sn Mitylene was the most important city on the island of Lesbos in the Aegean Sea. It was about 44 mi (70 km) from Assos.
60	tn Grk “setting sail from there.” The participle ἀποπλεύσαντες (apopleusantes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
61	tn Or “offshore from Chios.” sn Chios was an island in the Aegean Sea off the western coast of Asia Minor with a city of the same name.
62	tn Or “crossed over to,” “arrived at.” L&N 54.12 has “παραβάλλω: (a technical, nautical term) to sail up to or near—‘to approach, to arrive at, to sail to.’ παρεβάλομεν εἰς Σάμον ‘we approached Samos’ or ‘we arrived at Samos’ Ac 20:15.”
63	sn Samos is an island in the Aegean Sea off the western coast of Asia Minor.
64	sn Miletus was a seaport on the western coast of Asia Minor about 40 mi (70 km) south of Ephesus. From Mitylene to Miletus was about 125 mi (200 km).
65	map For location see JP1-D2; JP2-D2; JP3-D2; JP4-D2.
66	tn Grk “so that he might not have to spend time.” L&N 67.79 has “ὅπως μὴ γένηται αὐτῷ χρονοτριβῆσαι ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ ‘so as not to spend any time in the province of Asia’ Ac 20:16.”
67	tn Grk “Asia”; in the NT this always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.
68	tn Or “was eager.”
69	map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
70	tn Grk “if it could be to him” (an idiom).

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