Romans 5:17–19

5:17 For if, by the transgression of the one man,25 death reigned through the one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ!

5:18 Consequently,26 just as condemnation27 for all people28 came29 through one transgression,30 so too through the one righteous act31 came righteousness leading to life32 for all people. 5:19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man33 many34 were made sinners, so also through the obedience of one man35 many36 will be made righteous.

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25	sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).
26	tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.
27	tn Grk “[it is] unto condemnation for all people.”
28	tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anthrōpous) has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.
29	tn There are no verbs in the Greek text of v. 18, forcing translators to supply phrases like “came through one transgression,” “resulted from one transgression,” etc.
30	sn One transgression refers to the sin of Adam in Gen 3:1–24.
31	sn The one righteous act refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.
32	tn Grk “righteousness of life.”
33	sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).
34	tn Grk “the many.”
35	sn One man refers here to Jesus Christ.
36	tn Grk “the many.”