Revelation 8:11

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” in keeping with the parenthetical nature of this remark.

tn Grk “is called,” but this is somewhat redundant in contemporary English.

sn Wormwood refers to a particularly bitter herb with medicinal value. According to L&N 3.21, “The English term wormwood is derived from the use of the plant as a medicine to kill intestinal worms.” This remark about the star’s name is parenthetical in nature.

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the star falling on the waters.

tn That is, terribly bitter (see the note on “Wormwood” earlier in this verse).

tn Grk “and many of the men died from these waters because they were bitter.”