Revelation 11:1–13

The Fate of the Two Witnesses

11:1 Then1 a measuring rod2 like a staff was given to me, and I was told,3 “Get up and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and the ones who worship there. 11:2 But4 do not measure the outer courtyard5 of the temple; leave it out,6 because it has been given to the Gentiles,7 and they will trample on the holy city8 for forty-two months. 11:3 And I will grant my two witnesses authority9 to prophesy for 1,260 days, dressed in sackcloth. 11:4 (These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that stand before the Lord of the earth.)10 11:5 If11 anyone wants to harm them, fire comes out of their mouths12 and completely consumes13 their enemies. If14 anyone wants to harm them, they must be killed this way. 11:6 These two have the power15 to close up the sky so that it does not rain during the time16 they are prophesying. They17 have power18 to turn the waters to blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague whenever they want. 11:7 When19 they have completed their testimony, the beast that comes up from the abyss will make war on them and conquer20 them and kill them. 11:8 Their21 corpses will lie in the street22 of the great city that is symbolically23 called Sodom and Egypt, where their Lord was also crucified. 11:9 For three and a half days those from every24 people, tribe,25 nation, and language will look at their corpses, because they will not permit them to be placed in a tomb.26 11:10 And those who live on the earth will rejoice over them and celebrate, even sending gifts to each other, because these two prophets had tormented those who live on the earth. 11:11 But27 after three and a half days a breath of life from God entered them, and they stood on their feet, and tremendous fear seized28 those who were watching them. 11:12 Then29 they30 heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them: “Come up here!” So the two prophets31 went up to heaven in a cloud while32 their enemies stared at them. 11:13 Just then33 a major earthquake took place and a tenth of the city collapsed; seven thousand people34 were killed in the earthquake, and the rest were terrified and gave glory to the God of heaven.

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1	tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
2	tn Grk “a reed” (but these were used for measuring). Cf. Ezek 40:3ff.
3	tn Grk “saying.”
4	tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
5	tn On the term αὐλήν (aulēn) BDAG 150 s.v. αὐλή 1 states, “(outer) court of the temple … Rv 11:2.”
6	tn The precise meaning of the phrase ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν (ekbale exōthen) is difficult to determine.
7	tn Or “to the nations” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
8	sn The holy city appears to be a reference to Jerusalem. See also Luke 21:24.
9	tn The word “authority” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. “Power” would be another alternative that could be supplied here.
10	sn This description is parenthetical in nature.
11	tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
12	tn This is a collective singular in Greek.
13	tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesthiō) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”
14	tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
15	tn Or “authority.”
16	tn Grk “the days.”
17	tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
18	tn Or “authority.”
19	tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
20	tn Or “be victorious over”; traditionally, “overcome.”
21	tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
22	tn The Greek word πλατεῖα (plateia) refers to a major (broad) street (L&N 1.103).
23	tn Grk “spiritually.”
24	tn The word “every” is not in the Greek text, but is implied by the following list.
25	tn The Greek term καί (kai) has not been translated before this and the following items in the list, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
26	tn Or “to be buried.”
27	tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
28	tn Grk “fell upon.”
29	tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
30	tn Though the nearest antecedent to the subject of ἤκουσαν (ēkousan) is the people (“those who were watching them”), it could also be (based on what immediately follows) that the two prophets are the ones who heard the voice.
31	tn Grk “they”; the referent (the two prophets) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
32	tn The conjunction καί (kai) seems to be introducing a temporal clause contemporaneous in time with the preceding clause.
33	tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
34	tn Grk “seven thousand names of men.”

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