Psalm 80:12–16

sn The protective walls of the metaphorical vineyard are in view here (see Isa 5:5).

tn Heb “pluck it.”

tn The Hebrew verb כִּרְסֵם (kirsem, “to eat away; to ruin”) occurs only here in the OT.

tn The precise referent of the Hebrew word translated “insects,” which occurs only here and in Ps 50:11, is uncertain. Aramaic, Arabic, and Akkadian cognates refer to insects, such as locusts or crickets.

tn Heb “O God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי before צְבָאוֹת (tséva’ot, “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ’elohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (tséva’ot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. See also vv. 4, 7 for a similar construction.

tn The Hebrew noun occurs only here in the OT. HALOT 483 s.v. III כֵּן emends the form to כַּנָּהּ (kannah, “its shoot”).

tn Heb “and upon a son you strengthened for yourself.” In this context, where the extended metaphor of the vine dominates, בֵּן (ben, “son”) probably refers to the shoots that grow from the vine. Cf. Gen 49:22.

tn Heb “burned with fire.”

tn Heb “because of the rebuke of your face they perish.”