Matthew 12:43

tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

sn Unclean spirit refers to an evil spirit.

tn Grk “man.” This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos), referring to both males and females. This same use occurs in v. 45.

sn The background for the reference to waterless places is not entirely clear, though some Jewish texts suggest spirits must have a place to dwell, but not with water (Luke 8:29–31; Tob 8:3). Some suggest that the image of the desert or deserted cities as the places demons dwell is where this idea started (Isa 13:21; 34:14).

tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.