Galatians 4:8–10

Heirs of Promise Are Not to Return to Law

4:8 Formerly when you did not know God, you were enslaved to beings that by nature are not gods at all.13 4:9 But now that you have come to know God (or rather to be known by God), how can you turn back again to the weak and worthless14 basic forces?15 Do you want to be enslaved to them all over again?16 4:10 You are observing religious17 days and months and seasons and years.

13	tn Grk “those that by nature …” with the word “beings” implied. BDAG 1070 s.v. φύσις 2 sees this as referring to pagan worship: “Polytheists worship … beings that are by nature no gods at all Gal 4:8.”
14	tn Or “useless.” See L&N 65.16.
15	tn See the note on the phrase “basic forces” in 4:3.
16	tn Grk “basic forces, to which you want to be enslaved …” Verse 9 is a single sentence in the Greek text, but has been divided into two in the translation because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence.
17	tn The adjective “religious” has been supplied in the translation to make clear that the problem concerns observing certain days, etc. in a religious sense (cf. NIV, NRSV “special days”). In light of the polemic in this letter against the Judaizers (those who tried to force observance of the Mosaic law on Gentile converts to Christianity) this may well be a reference to the observance of Jewish Sabbaths, feasts, and other religious days.