tn The participle ἰδόντες (idontes) has been taken temporally to retain the structure of the passage. Many modern translations, because of the length of the sentence here, translate this participle as a finite verb and break the Greek sentences into several English sentences (NIV, for example, begins new sentences at the beginning of both vv. 8 and 9).

tn Grk “to the uncircumcision,” that is, to the Gentiles.

tn Grk “to the circumcision,” a collective reference to the Jewish people.