Daniel 8:4

8:4 I saw that the ram was butting westward, northward, and southward. No animal12 was able to stand before it, and there was none who could deliver from its power.13 It did as it pleased and acted arrogantly.14

12	tn Or “beast” (NAB).
13	tn Heb “hand.” So also in v. 7.
14	tn In the Hiphil the Hebrew verb גָּדַל (gadal, “to make great; to magnify”) can have either a positive or a negative sense. For the former, used especially of God, see Ps 126:2, 3; Joel 2:21. In this chapter (8:4, 8, 11, 25) the word has a pejorative sense, describing the self-glorification of this king. The sense seems to be that of vainly assuming one’s own superiority through deliberate hubris.