Acts 18:1–7

Paul at Corinth

18:1 After this1 Paul2 departed from3 Athens4 and went to Corinth.5 18:2 There he6 found7 a Jew named Aquila,8 a native of Pontus,9 who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius10 had ordered all the Jews to depart from11 Rome.12 Paul approached13 them, 18:3 and because he worked at the same trade, he stayed with them and worked with them14 (for they were tentmakers15 by trade).16 18:4 He addressed17 both Jews and Greeks in the synagogue18 every Sabbath, attempting to persuade19 them.

18:5 Now when Silas and Timothy arrived20 from Macedonia,21 Paul became wholly absorbed with proclaiming22 the word, testifying23 to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ.24 18:6 When they opposed him25 and reviled him,26 he protested by shaking out his clothes27 and said to them, “Your blood28 be on your own heads! I am guiltless!29 From now on I will go to the Gentiles!” 18:7 Then Paul30 left31 the synagogue32 and went to the house of a person named Titius Justus, a Gentile who worshiped God,33 whose house was next door to the synagogue.

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1	tn Grk “After these things.”
2	tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
3	tn Or “Paul left.”
4	map For location see JP1-C2; JP2-C2; JP3-C2; JP4-C2.
5	sn Corinth was the capital city of the senatorial province of Achaia and the seat of the Roman proconsul. It was located 55 mi (88 km) west of Athens. Corinth was a major rival to Athens and was the largest city in Greece at the time. map For location see JP1-C2; JP2-C2; JP3-C2; JP4-C2.
6	tn Grk “And he.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here. The word “there” is not in the Greek text but is implied.
7	tn Grk “finding.” The participle εὑρών (heurōn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
8	sn On Aquila and his wife Priscilla see also Acts 18:18, 26; Rom 16:3–4; 1 Cor 16:19; 2 Tim 4:19. In the NT “Priscilla” and “Prisca” are the same person. This author uses the full name Priscilla, while Paul uses the diminutive form Prisca.
9	sn Pontus was a region in the northeastern part of Asia Minor. It was a Roman province.
10	sn Claudius refers to the Roman emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus, known as Claudius, who ruled from a.d. 41–54. The edict expelling the Jews from Rome was issued in a.d. 49 (Suetonius, Claudius 25.4).
11	tn Or “to leave.”
12	map For location see JP4-A1.
13	tn Or “went to.”
14	tn The prepositional phrase “with them” occurs only once in the Greek text, but since it occurs between the two finite verbs (ἔμενεν, emenen, and ἠργάζετο, ērgazeto) it relates (by implication) to both of them.
15	tn On the term translated “tentmakers,” see BDAG 928–29 s.v. σκνηοποιός. Paul apparently manufactured tents. In contrast to the Cynic philosophers, Paul at times labored to support himself (see also v. 5).
16	sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
17	tn Although the word διελέξατο (dielexato; from διαλέγομαι, dialegomai) is frequently translated “reasoned,” “disputed,” or “argued,” this sense comes from its classical meaning where it was used of philosophical disputation, including the Socratic method of questions and answers. However, there does not seem to be contextual evidence for this kind of debate in Acts 18:4. As G. Schrenk (TDNT 2:94–95) points out, “What is at issue is the address which any qualified member of a synagogue might give.” Other examples of this may be found in the NT in Matt 4:23 and Mark 1:21.
18	sn See the note on synagogue in 6:9.
19	tn Grk “Addressing in the synagogue every Sabbath, he was attempting to persuade both Jews and Greeks.” Because in English the verb “address” is not used absolutely but normally has an object specified, the direct objects of the verb ἔπειθεν (epeithen) have been moved forward as the objects of the English verb “addressed,” and the pronoun “them” repeated in the translation as the object of ἔπειθεν. The verb ἔπειθεν has been translated as a conative imperfect.
20	tn Grk “came down.”
21	sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.
22	tn BDAG 971 s.v. συνέχω 6 states, “συνείχετο τῷ λόγῳ (Paul) was wholly absorbed in preaching Ac 18:5 … in contrast to the activity cited in vs. 3.” The imperfect συνείχετο (suneicheto) has been translated as an ingressive imperfect (“became wholly absorbed …”), stressing the change in Paul’s activity once Silas and Timothy arrived. At this point Paul apparently began to work less and preach more.
23	tn BDAG 233 s.v. διαμαρτύρομαι 2 has “testify of, bear witness to solemnly (orig. under oath) … W. acc. and inf. foll. Ac 18:5.”
24	tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.” sn See the note on Christ in 2:31.
25	tn The word “him” is not in the Greek text but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.
26	tn The participle βλασφημούντων (blasphēmountōn) has been taken temporally. The direct object (“him”) is implied rather than expressed and could be impersonal (“it,” referring to what Paul was saying rather than Paul himself), but the verb occurs more often in contexts involving defamation or slander against personal beings (not always God). For a very similar context to this one, compare Acts 13:45. The translation “blaspheme” is not used because in contemporary English its meaning is more narrowly defined and normally refers to blasphemy against God (not what Paul’s opponents were doing here). What they were doing was more like slander or defamation of character.
27	tn Grk “shaking out his clothes, he said to them.” L&N 16:8 translates Acts 18:6 “when they opposed him and said evil things about him, he protested by shaking the dust from his clothes.” The addition of the verb “protested by” in the translation is necessary to clarify for the modern reader that this is a symbolic action. It is similar but not identical to the phrase in Acts 13:51, where the dust from the feet is shaken off. The participle ἐκτιναξάμενος (ektinaxamenos) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. sn He protested by shaking out his clothes. A symbolic action of protest, similar but not identical to the practice of shaking the dust off one’s feet (see Acts 13:51). The two symbolic actions are related, however, since what is shaken off here is the dust raised by the feet and settling in the clothes. The meaning is, “I am done with you! You are accountable to God.”
28	sn Your blood be on your own heads! By invoking this epithet Paul declared himself not responsible for their actions in rejecting Jesus whom Paul preached (cf. Ezek 33:4; 3:6–21; Matt 23:35; 27:25).
29	tn Or “innocent.” BDAG 489 s.v. καθαρός 3.a has “guiltless Ac 18:6.”
30	tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
31	tn Grk “Then leaving from there he went.” The participle μεταβάς (metabas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
32	tn Grk “from there”; the referent (the synagogue) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
33	tn Grk “a worshiper of God.” The clarifying phrase “a Gentile” has been supplied for clarity, and is indicated by the context, since Paul had parted company with the Jews in the previous verse. The participle σεβομένου (sebomenou) is practically a technical term for the category called God-fearers, Gentiles who worshiped the God of Israel and in many cases kept the Mosaic law, but did not take the final step of circumcision necessary to become a proselyte to Judaism. See further K. G. Kuhn, TDNT 6:732–34, 743–44. sn Here yet another Gentile is presented as responsive to Paul’s message in Acts.

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