2 Corinthians 11:23–28

11:23 Are they servants of Christ? (I am talking like I am out of my mind!) I am even more so: with much greater labors, with far more imprisonments, with more severe beatings, facing death many times. 11:24 Five times I received from the Jews forty lashes less one.42 11:25 Three times I was beaten with a rod.43 Once I received a stoning.44 Three times I suffered shipwreck. A night and a day I spent adrift in the open sea. 11:26 I have been on journeys many times, in dangers from rivers, in dangers from robbers,45 in dangers from my own countrymen, in dangers from Gentiles, in dangers in the city, in dangers in the wilderness,46 in dangers at sea, in dangers from false brothers, 11:27 in hard work and toil,47 through many sleepless nights, in hunger and thirst, many times without food, in cold and without enough clothing.48 11:28 Apart from other things,49 there is the daily pressure on me of my anxious concern50 for all the churches.

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42	tn Grk “forty less one”; this was a standard sentence. “Lashes” is supplied to clarify for the modern reader what is meant.
43	sn Beaten with a rod refers to the Roman punishment of admonitio according to BDAG 902 s.v. ῥαβδίζω. Acts 16:22 describes one of these occasions in Philippi; in this case it was administered by the city magistrates, who had wide powers in a military colony.
44	sn Received a stoning. See Acts 14:19, where this incident is described.
45	tn Or “bandits.” The word normally refers more to highwaymen (“robbers”) but can also refer to insurrectionists or revolutionaries (“bandits”).
46	tn Or “desert.”
47	tn The two different words for labor are translated “in hard work and toil” by L&N 42.48.
48	tn Grk “in cold and nakedness.” Paul does not mean complete nakedness, however, which would have been repugnant to a Jew; he refers instead to the lack of sufficient clothing, especially in cold weather. A related word is used to 1 Cor 4:11, also in combination with experiencing hunger and thirst.
49	sn Apart from other things. Paul refers here either (1) to the external sufferings just mentioned, or (2) he refers to other things he has left unmentioned.
50	tn “Anxious concern,” so translated in L&N 25.224.