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1 Peter 1:13–2:3
1:13 Therefore, get your minds ready for action29 by being fully sober, and set your hope30 completely on the grace that will be brought to you when Jesus Christ is revealed.31 1:14 Like obedient children, do not comply with32 the evil urges you used to follow in your ignorance,33 1:15 but, like the Holy One who called you, become holy yourselves in all of your conduct, 1:16 for it is written, “You shall be holy, because I am holy.”34 1:17 And if you address as Father the one who impartially judges according to each one’s work, live out the time of your temporary residence here35 in reverence. 1:18 You know that from your empty way of life inherited from your ancestors you were ransomed—not by perishable things like silver or gold, 1:19 but by precious blood like that of an unblemished and spotless lamb, namely Christ. 1:20 He was foreknown36 before the foundation of the world but37 was manifested in these last times38 for your sake. 1:21 Through him you now trust39 in God, who raised him from the dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God.
1:22 You have purified40 your souls by obeying the truth41 in order to show sincere mutual love.42 So43 love one another earnestly from a pure heart.44 1:23 You have been born anew, not from perishable but from imperishable seed, through the living and enduring word of God. 1:24 For
all flesh45 is like grass
and all its glory like the flower of the grass;46
the grass withers and the flower falls off,
1:25 but the word of the Lord47 endures forever.48
And this is the word that was proclaimed to you.
2:1 So get rid of1 all evil and all deceit and hypocrisy and envy and all slander. 2:2 And2 yearn3 like newborn infants for pure, spiritual milk,4 so that by it you may grow up to5 salvation,6 2:3 if you have experienced7 the Lord’s kindness.8
29 | tn Grk “binding up the loins of your mind,” a figure of speech drawn from the Middle Eastern practice of gathering up long robes around the waist to prepare for work or action. |
30 | tn Grk “having bound up …, being sober, set your hope …” |
31 | |
32 | tn Or “do not be conformed to”; Grk “not being conformed to.” |
33 | tn Grk “the former lusts in your ignorance.” |
34 | |
35 | |
36 | |
37 | tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English. |
38 | tn Grk “at the last of the times.” |
39 | tc Although there may be only a slight difference in translation, the term translated as “trust” is the adjective πιστούς (pistous). This is neither as common nor as clear as the verb πιστεύω (pisteuō, “believe, trust”). Consequently, most mss have the present participle πιστεύοντας (pisteuontas; 𝔓72 א C P Ψ 1739 𝔐), or the aorist participle πιστεύσαντες (pisteusantes; 33 pc), while A B pc vg have the adjective. Thus, πιστούς is to be preferred. In the NT the adjective is routinely taken passively in the sense of “faithful” (BDAG 820 s.v. πιστός 1). That may be part of the force here as well: “you are now faithful to God,” although the primary force in this context seems to be that of trusting. Nevertheless, it is difficult to separate faith from faithfulness in NT descriptions of Christians’ dependence on God. tn Grk “who through him [are] trusting,” describing the “you” of v. 20. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. |
40 | tn Grk “having purified,” as the preparation for the love described in the second half of the verse. |
41 | tc Most later mss (P 𝔐) have διὰ πνεύματος (dia pneumatos, “through the spirit”) after ἀληθείας (ajlētheias, “truth”), while the words are lacking in a broad spectrum of early and important witnesses (𝔓72 א A B C Ψ 33 81 323 945 1241 1739 al vg sy co). On external grounds, the shorter reading cannot be easily explained if it were not original. The longer reading is clearly secondary, added to show more strongly God’s part in man’s obedience to the truth. But the addition ignores the force that the author gives to “purified” and ruins the balance between v. 22 and v. 23 (for in v. 23 the emphasis is on God’s part; here, on man’s part). |
42 | tn Grk “for sincere brotherly love.” |
43 | tn Verses 22–23 are a single sentence in the Greek text. To improve clarity (and because contemporary English tends to use shorter sentences) these verses have been divided into three sentences in the translation. In addition, “So” has been supplied at the beginning of the second English sentence (v. 22b) to indicate the relationship with the preceding statement. |
44 | tc A few mss (A B 1852 pc) lack καθαρᾶς (katharas, “pure”) and read simply καρδίας (kardias, “from the heart”), but there is excellent ms support (𝔓72 א* C P Ψ 33 1739 𝔐 co) for the word. The omission may have been accidental. In the uncial script (ΚΑΘΑΡΑΣ ΚΑΡΔΙΑΣ) an accidental omission could have happened via homoioteleuton or homoioarcton. καθαρᾶς should be considered original. |
45 | sn Here all flesh is a metaphor for humanity—human beings as both frail and temporary. |
46 | tn Or “a wildflower.” |
47 | sn The word of the Lord is a technical expression in OT literature, often referring to a divine prophetic utterance (e.g., Gen 15:1, Isa 1:10, Jonah 1:1). In the NT it occurs 15 times: 3 times as ῥῆμα τοῦ κυρίου (rhēma tou kuriou; here and in Luke 22:61, Acts 11:16) and 12 times as λόγος τοῦ κυρίου (logos tou kuriou; Acts 8:25; 13:44, 48, 49; 15:35, 36; 16:32; 19:10, 20; 1 Thess 1:8, 4:15; 2 Thess 3:1). As in the OT, this phrase focuses on the prophetic nature and divine origin of what has been said. |
48 | |
1 | tn Or “put away.” |
2 | |
3 | tn Grk “getting rid of … yearn for.” |
4 | |
5 | |
6 | tc The Byzantine text lacks εἰς σωτηρίαν (eis sōtērian, “to salvation”), while the words are found in the earliest and best witnesses (𝔓72 א A B C K P Ψ 33 81 630 1241 1505 1739 al latt sy co). Not only is the longer reading superior externally, but since the notion of growing up [in]to salvation would have seemed theologically objectionable, it is easy to see why some scribes would omit it. |
7 | tn Grk “have tasted that the Lord is kind.” |
8 |
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