Er, Onan, and Shelah. These three were born to him by Bathshua,² a Canaanite woman. Er, Judah’s firstborn, displeased the Lord, so the Lord killed him.³

^2:4Tamar, Judah’s⁴ daughter-in-law, bore to him Perez and Zerah. Judah had five sons in all.

^2:5The sons of Perez:

Hezron and Hamul.

^2:6The sons of Zerah:

Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Kalkol, Dara⁵—five in all.

^2:7The son⁶ of Carmi:

Achan,⁷ who brought the disaster on Israel when he stole what was devoted to God.⁸

^2:8The son⁹ of Ethan:

Azariah.

^2:9The sons born to Hezron:

Jerahmeel, Ram, and Caleb.¹⁰

Ram’s Descendants

^2:10Ram was the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab was the father of Nahshon, the tribal chief of Judah. ^2:11Nahshon was the father of Salma,¹¹ and Salma was the father of Boaz. ^2:12Boaz was the father of Obed, and Obed was the father of Jesse.

^2:13Jesse was the father of Eliab, his firstborn; Abinadab was born second, Shimea third, ^2:14Nethanel fourth, Raddai fifth, ^2:15Ozem sixth, David seventh. ^2:16Their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. Zeruiah’s three sons were Abshai,¹² Joab, and Asahel. ^2:17Abigail bore Amasa, whose father was Jether the Ishmaelite.

Caleb’s Descendants

^2:18Caleb son of Hezron fathered sons by his wife Azubah (also known as Jerioth).¹³ Her sons were Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon. ^2:19When Azubah died, Caleb married¹⁴ Ephrath, who bore him Hur. ^2:20Hur was the father of Uri, and Uri was the father of Bezalel.

^2:21Later¹⁵ Hezron had sexual relations with¹⁶ the daughter of Makir, the father of Gilead. (He had married¹⁷ her when he was sixty years old.) She bore him Segub. ^2:22Segub was the father of Jair, who owned twenty-three cities in the land of Gilead. ^2:23(Geshur and Aram captured the towns of Jair,¹⁸ along with Kenath and its sixty surrounding towns.) All these were descendants of Makir, the father of Gilead.

^2:24After Hezron’s death, Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s widow, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.¹⁹

Jerahmeel’s Descendants

^2:25The sons of Jerahmeel, Hezron’s firstborn, were Ram, the firstborn, Bunah, Oren, Ozem, and Ahijah. ^2:26Jerahmeel had another wife named Atarah; she was Onam’s mother.

^2:27The sons of Ram, Jerahmeel’s firstborn, were Maaz, Jamin, and Eker.

^2:28The sons of Onam were Shammai and Jada.

The sons of Shammai:

Nadab and Abishur.

^2:29Abishur’s wife was Abihail, who bore him Ahban and Molid.

^2:30The sons of Nadab:

Seled and Appaim. (Seled died without having sons.)

^2:31The son²⁰ of Appaim:

Ishi.

The son of Ishi:

Sheshan.

The son of Sheshan:

Ahlai.

^2:32The sons of Jada, Shammai’s brother:

Jether and Jonathan. (Jether died without having sons.)

^2:33The sons of Jonathan:

Peleth and Zaza.

These were the descendants of Jerahmeel.

^2:34Sheshan had no sons, only daughters. Sheshan had an Egyptian servant named Jarha. ^2:35Sheshan gave his daughter to his servant Jarha as a wife; she bore him Attai.

^2:36Attai was the father of Nathan, and Nathan was the father of Zabad. ^2:37Zabad was the father of Ephlal, and Ephlal was the father of Obed. ^2:38Obed was the father of Jehu, and Jehu was the father of Azariah. ^2:39Azariah was the father of Helez, and Helez was the father of Eleasah. ^2:40Eleasah was the father of Sismai, and Sismai was the father of Shallum. ^2:41Shallum was the father of Jekamiah, and Jekamiah was the father of Elishama.

More of Caleb’s Descendants

^2:42The sons of Caleb, Jerahmeel’s brother:

His firstborn Mesha, the father of Ziph, and his second son Mareshah,²¹ the father of Hebron.

^2:43The sons of Hebron:

Korah, Tappuah, Rekem, and Shema.

^2:44Shema was the father of Raham, the father of Jorkeam. Rekem was the father of Shammai. ^2:45Shammai’s son was Maon, who was the father of Beth-Zur.

^2:46Caleb’s concubine²² Ephah bore Haran, Moza, and Gazez. Haran was the father of Gazez.

^2:47The sons of Jahdai:

Regem, Jotham, Geshan, Pelet, Ephah, and Shaaph.

^2:48Caleb’s concubine Maacah bore Sheber and Tirhanah. ^2:49She also bore Shaaph the father of Madmannah and Sheva the father of Machbenah and Gibea. Caleb’s daughter was Achsah.

^2:50These were the descendants of Caleb.

The sons²³ of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrath:²⁴

Shobal, the father of Kiriath Jearim, ^2:51Salma, the father of Bethlehem, Hareph, the father of Beth-Gader.

^2:52The sons of Shobal, the father of Kiriath Jearim, were Haroeh, half of the Manahathites,²⁵^2:53the clans of Kiriath Jearim—the Ithrites, Puthites, Shumathites, and Mishraites. (The Zorathites and Eshtaolites descended from these groups.)²⁶

^2:54The sons of Salma:

Bethlehem, the Netophathites, Atroth Beth-Joab, half the Manahathites, the Zorites, ^2:55and the clans of the scribes²⁷ who lived in Jabez: the Tirathites, Shimeathites, and Sucathites. These are the Kenites who descended²⁸ from Hammath, the father of Beth-Rechab.²⁹

David’s Descendants

^3:1These were the sons of David who were born to him in Hebron:

The firstborn was Amnon, whose mother was Ahinoam from Jezreel;

the second was Daniel, whose mother was Abigail from Carmel;

^3:2the third was Absalom whose mother was Maacah, daughter of King Talmai of Geshur;

the fourth was Adonijah, whose mother was Haggith;

^3:3the fifth was Shephatiah, whose mother was Abital;

the sixth was Ithream, whose mother was Eglah.

^3:4These six were born to David¹ in Hebron, where he ruled for seven years and six months.

He ruled thirty-three years in Jerusalem.²^3:5These were the sons born to him in Jerusalem:

Shimea,³ Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon—the mother of these four was Bathsheba⁴ the daughter of Ammiel.⁵

^3:6The other nine were Ibhar, Elishua,⁶ Elpelet,⁷^3:7Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, ^3:8Elishama, Eliada, and Eliphelet.

^3:9These were all the sons of David, not counting the sons of his concubines.⁸ Tamar was their sister.

Solomon’s Descendants

^3:10Solomon’s son was Rehoboam,

followed by Abijah his son,

Asa his son,

Jehoshaphat his son,

^3:11Joram⁹ his son,

Ahaziah his son,

Joash his son,

^3:12Amaziah his son,

Azariah his son,

Jotham his son,

^3:13Ahaz his son,

Hezekiah his son,

Manasseh his son,

^3:14Amon his son,

Josiah his son.

^3:15The sons of Josiah:

Johanan was the firstborn; Jehoiakim was born second; Zedekiah third; and Shallum fourth.

^3:16The sons of Jehoiakim:

his son Jehoiachin¹⁰ and his son Zedekiah.

^3:17The sons of Jehoiachin the exile:¹¹

Shealtiel his son, ^3:18Malkiram, Pedaiah, Shenazzar, Jekamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.

^3:19The sons of Pedaiah:

Zerubbabel and Shimei.

The sons of Zerubbabel:

Meshullam and Hananiah. Shelomith was their sister.

^3:20The five others were Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah, and Jushab-Hesed.

^3:21The descendants of Hananiah:

Pelatiah, Jeshaiah, the sons of Rephaiah, of Arnan, of Obadiah, and of Shecaniah.

^3:22The descendants of Shecaniah:

Shemaiah and his sons: Hattush, Igal, Bariah, Neariah, and Shaphat—six in all.

^3:23The sons of Neariah:

Elioenai, Hizkiah, and Azrikam—three in all.

^3:24The sons of Elioenai:

Hodaviah, Eliashib, Pelaiah, Akkub, Johanan, Delaiah, and Anani—seven in all.

Judah’s Descendants

^4:1The descendants of Judah:

Perez, Hezron, Carmi, Hur, and Shobal.

^4:2Reaiah the son of Shobal was the father of Jahath, and Jahath was the father of Ahumai and Lahad. These were the clans of the Zorathites.

^4:3These were the sons of Etam:

Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. Their sister was Hazzelelponi.

^4:4Penuel was the father of Gedor, and Ezer was the father of Hushah. These were the descendants of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem.

^4:5Ashhur the father of Tekoa had two wives, Helah and Naarah. ^4:6Naarah bore him Ahuzzam, Hepher, Temeni, and Haahashtari. These were the sons of Naarah. ^4:7The sons of Helah: Zereth, Zohar, Ethnan, ^4:8and Koz, who was the father of Anub, Hazzobebah, and the clans of Aharhel the son of Harum.

^4:9Jabez was more respected than his brothers. His mother had named him Jabez, for she said, “I experienced pain when I gave birth to him.”¹^4:10Jabez called out to the God of Israel, “If only² you would greatly bless me and expand my territory! May your hand be with me! Keep me from harm so I might not endure pain!”³ God answered his prayer.⁴

^4:11Kelub, the brother of Shuhah, was the father of Mehir, who was the father of Eshton. ^4:12Eshton was the father of Beth-Rapha, Paseah, and Tehinnah, the father of Ir Nahash.⁵ These were the men of Recah.

^4:13The sons of Kenaz:

Othniel and Seraiah.

The sons of Othniel:

Hathath and Meonothai.⁶^4:14Meonothai was the father of Ophrah.

Seraiah was the father of Joab, the father of those who live in Ge Harashim, who were craftsmen.⁷

^4:15The sons of Caleb son of Jephunneh:

Iru, Elah, and Naam.

The son of Elah:

Kenaz.⁸

^4:16The sons of Jehallelel:

Ziph, Ziphah, Tiria, and Asarel.

^4:17The sons of Ezrah:

Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon.

Mered’s wife Bithiah⁹ gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah, the father of Eshtemoa. ^4:18(His Judahite wife gave birth to Jered the father of Gedor, Heber the father of Soco, and Jekuthiel the father of Zanoah.) These were the sons of Pharaoh’s daughter Bithiah, whom Mered married.¹⁰

^4:19The sons of Hodiah’s wife, the sister of Naham:

the father of Keilah the Garmite, and Eshtemoa the Maacathite.

^4:20The sons of Shimon:

Amnon, Rinnah, Ben-Hanan, and Tilon.

The descendants of Ishi:

Zoheth and Ben Zoheth.¹¹

^4:21The sons of Shelah son of Judah:

Er the father of Lecah, Laadah the father of Mareshah, the clans of the linen workers at Beth-Ashbea, ^4:22Jokim, the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, both of whom ruled in Moab and Jashubi Lehem. (This information is from ancient records.)¹²^4:23They were the potters who lived in Netaim and Gederah; they lived there and worked for the king.¹³

Simeon’s Descendants

^4:24The descendants of Simeon:

Nemuel, Jamin, Jarib, Zerah, Shaul, ^4:25his son…

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Footnotes

1 The groupings in the list that follows, as well as the conjunctions (vav-consecutives in Hebrew), reflect those of the Hebrew text.
2 The name means “daughter of Shua.” Shua is identified in Gen 38:2 as a “Canaanite man.”
3 Heb “was evil in the eyes of the Lord, so he [i.e., the Lord] killed him [i.e., Er].”
4 Heb “his”; the referent (Judah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
5 Many medieval Hebrew , some , and read “Darda” (see 1 Kgs 4:31 = 1 Kgs 5:11 ).
6 Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed.
7 The Hebrew text has “Achar,” which means “disaster,” but a few medieval Hebrew read “Achan.” See Josh 7:1.
8 Heb “the troubler of Israel who was unfaithful with respect to the devoted [things].”
9 Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural, but only one son is listed.
10 The Hebrew text has “Celubai,” but see v. 18, where Caleb is described as the son of Hezron.
11 The reads “Salmon” (cf. Ruth 4:21) and is followed by some English versions (e.g., , , , ).
12 In 2 Sam 2:18 this name appears as “Abishai,” a spelling followed by many English versions here.
13 Heb “and Caleb son of Hezron fathered [children] with Azubah, a wife, and with Jerioth.” Jerioth could be viewed as a second wife (so ; cf. also , , ), but the following context mentions only “her [presumably Azubah’s] sons.” Another option, the one chosen in the translation, is that Jerioth is another name for Azubah.
14 Heb “took for himself.”
15 This means “later” in relation to the births of the three sons (Jerahmeel, Ram and Caleb) mentioned in v. 9.
16 Heb “Hezron went to.”
17 Heb “he took,” referring to taking in marriage.
18 Or “Havvoth Jair” (, ). Some translations do not translate the phrase (“havvoth” = “the towns of”), but treat it as part of the place name.
19 Heb “And after the death of Hezron in Caleb Ephrathah, and the wife of Hezron, Abijah, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.” Perhaps one could translate: “After Hezron died in Caleb Ephrathah, Abijah, Hezron’s wife, bore to him Ashhur, the father of Tekoa” (cf. , , ). In this case the text suggests that Abijah was born after his father’s death. Because of the awkward syntax and the odd appearance of “Caleb Ephrathah” as a place name, some prefer to emend the text. Some alter בְּכָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה (békhalev ’efratah, “in Caleb Ephrathah”) to בָּא כָלֵב אֶפְרָתָה (bo’ khalev ’efratah, “Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath”) and then change אֲבִיָּה (’aviyyah, “Abijah”) to אָבִיהוּ (’avihu, “his father”). This results in the following translation: “And after Hezron’s death, Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrath, his father Hezron’s wife, and she bore to him Ashhur the father of Tekoa” (cf. ). This would mean that Caleb’s second wife Ephrath had actually been his late father’s wife (probably Caleb’s stepmother). Perhaps the text was subsequently altered because Caleb’s actions appeared improper in light of the injunctions in Lev 18:8; 20:11; Deut 22:30; 27:20 (which probably refer, however, to a son having sexual relations with his stepmother while his father is still alive).
20 Heb “sons.” The Hebrew text has the plural “sons” in all three instances in this verse, even though the following lists have only one name each.
21 Heb “and the sons of Mareshah,” but this does not fit contextually. Perhaps the text originally had וּבְנוֹ מִשְׁנֶה מָרֵשָׁה (uvéno mishneh mareshah, “and his second son, Mareshah”), with מִשְׁנֶה (“second”) later accidentally falling out by homoioteleuton (cf. the note in here).
22 See the note on the word “concubine” in .
23 Heb “son.” The Hebrew text has the singular, but the following list contains more than one name.
24 The Hebrew text reads “Ephrathah” here, but see v. 19, which mentions “Ephrath” as the wife of Hur.
25 The Hebrew text has “Menuchites” here, but v. 54 has “Manachathites.”
26 Heb “from these went forth the Zorathites and Eshtaolites.”
27 Or perhaps “the Sopherim.” The transliterates this term and treats it as a proper name.
28 Heb “came.”
29 Or (if בֵּית [beth] is translated as “house” rather than considered to be part of the name) “the father of the house [i.e., family] of Rechab.”
1 Heb “him”; the referent (David) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 For location see ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
3 “Shimea” (שִׁמְעָא, shim’a’) is a variant spelling of “Shammua” (שַׁמּוּעַ, shammua’; see 2 Sam 5:14). Some English versions use the spelling “Shammua” here (e.g., , ).
4 Most Hebrew read “Bathshua” here, but 2 Sam 12:24 makes it clear Bathsheba was Solomon’s mother. “Bathsheba” is read by one Hebrew and the . Many English translations (e.g., , , ) render the name “Bathsheba” to avoid confusion.
5 In 2 Sam 11:3 Bathsheba is called “the daughter of Eliam,” while here her father’s name is given as “Ammiel.”
6 All but two Hebrew read “Elishama” here, but 1 Chr 14:5 lists the name as “Elishua,” and is followed by a number of English versions here (e.g., , , , , , ). Another son named “Elishama” is listed in 3:8.
7 The reads “Eliphelet” here, but 1 Chr 14:5 lists the name as “Elpelet” and is followed by some English versions here (e.g., , ). Another son named “Eliphelet” is listed in 3:8.
8 See the note on the word “concubine” in .
9 Joram is a variant spelling of the name “Jehoram.”
10 Heb “Jeconiah,” a variation of the name “Jehoiachin” (also in v. 17).
11 Heb “prisoner.” Jehoiachin was carried off to Babylon as a prisoner. See 2 Chr 36:10.
1 In Hebrew the name יַעְבֵּץ (ya’bets, “Jabez”) sounds like the noun עֹצֶב (’otsev) which means “pain.”
2 On the use of אִם (’im, “if”) here, see
3 Heb “and act from [i.e., so as to prevent] harm so that I might not be in pain.”
4 Heb “and God brought about what he had asked.”
5 Or “of the city of Nahash.”
6 “Meonothai” is read here by some of the , along with the . The name apparently was dropped from the Hebrew text by haplography. Note that the name appears at the beginning of the next verse as well.
7 Heb “the father of Ge Harashim, for they were craftsmen.” The name “Ge Harashim” means “valley of craftsmen.”
8 Heb “and the sons of Elah and Kenaz.” Kenaz was actually the son of Elah.
9 The Hebrew text has simply, “and she gave birth to,” without identifying the subject. The words “Mered’s wife Bithiah” are added in the translation for clarification. See v. 18b, which mentions “Bethiah, whom Mered married.”
10 Heb “took,” referring to taking in marriage.
11 Or “and the son of Zoheth” (). The word בֶּן (ben) in Hebrew means “son [of].”
12 Heb “and the words are old.”
13 Heb “and those who lived in Netaim and Gederah; with the king in his work they lived there.”