Exodus 3–12

MOSES AND THE BURNING BUSH

3Meanwhile, Moses was shepherding the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian. He led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.^{k 2}Then the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire within a bush.^l As Moses looked, he saw that the bush was on fire but was not consumed. ³So Moses thought, “I must go over and look at this remarkable sight. Why isn’t the bush burning up?”

⁴When the Lord saw that he had gone over to look, God called out to him from the bush, “Moses, Moses!”

“Here I am,” he answered.

⁵“Do not come closer,” he said. “Remove the sandals from your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.”^{m 6}Then he continued, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.”ⁿ Moses hid his face because he was afraid to look at God.

⁷Then the Lord said, “I have observed the misery of my people in Egypt, and have heard them crying out^o because of their oppressors. I know about their sufferings, ⁸and I have come down to rescue them from the power of the Egyptians and to bring them from that land to a good and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and honey^p—the territory of the Canaanites, Hethites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.^{q 9}So because the Israelites’ cry for help has come to me, and I have also seen the way the Egyptians are oppressing^r them, ¹⁰therefore, go. I am sending you to Pharaoh so that you may lead my people, the Israelites, out of Egypt.”

¹¹But Moses asked God, “Who am I^s that I should go to Pharaoh and that I should bring the Israelites out of Egypt?”

¹²He answered, “I will certainly be with you,^t and this will be the sign to you that I am the one who sent you: when you bring the people out of Egypt, you will all worship^D God at this mountain.”

¹³Then Moses asked God, “If I go to the Israelites and say to them, ‘The God of your ancestors has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ what should I tell them?”

¹⁴God replied to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM.^Eu This is what you are to say to the Israelites: I AM has sent me to you.” ¹⁵God also said to Moses, “Say this to the Israelites: The Lord, the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you. This is my name forever;^v this is how I am to be remembered in every generation.

¹⁶“Go and assemble the elders of Israel and say to them: The Lord, the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, has appeared to me and said: I have paid close attention to you and to what has been done to you in Egypt.^{w 17}And I have promised you that I will bring you up from the misery of Egypt^a to the land of the Canaanites, Hethites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—a land flowing with milk and honey. ¹⁸They will listen to what you say. Then you, along with the elders of Israel, must go to the king of Egypt and say to him: The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Now please let us go on a three-day trip into the wilderness so that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God.^b

¹⁹“However, I know that the king of Egypt will not allow you to go, even under force from a strong hand.^{c 20}But when I stretch out my hand and strike Egypt with all my miracles that I will perform in it, after that, he will let you go.^{d 21}And I will give these people such favor with the Egyptians that when you go, you will not go empty-handed.^{e 22}Each woman will ask her neighbor and any woman staying in her house for silver and gold jewelry, and clothing, and you will put them on your sons and daughters. So you will plunder the Egyptians.”^f

MIRACULOUS SIGNS FOR MOSES

4Moses answered, “What if they won’t believe me and will not obey me but say, ‘The Lord did not appear^g to you’?”

²The Lord asked him, “What is that in your hand?”

“A staff,” he replied.

³“Throw it on the ground,” he said. So Moses threw it on the ground, it became a snake, and he ran from it. ⁴The Lord told Moses, “Stretch out your hand and grab it by the tail.” So he stretched out his hand and caught it, and it became a staff in his hand. ⁵“This will take place,” he continued, “so that they will believe that the Lord, the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.”^h

⁶In addition the Lord said to him, “Put your hand inside your cloak.” So he put his hand inside his cloak, and when he took it out, his hand was diseased, resembling snow.^{Ai 7}“Put your hand back inside your cloak,” he said. So he put his hand back inside his cloak, and when he took it out, it had again become like the rest of his skin.^{j 8}“If they will not believe you and will not respond to the evidence of the first sign, they may believe the evidence of the second sign. ⁹And if they don’t believe even these two signs or listen to what you say, take some water from the Nile and pour it on the dry ground. The water you take from the Nile will become blood on the ground.”^k

¹⁰But Moses replied to the Lord, “Please, Lord, I have never been eloquent—either in the past or recently or since you have been speaking to your servant—because my mouth and my tongue are sluggish.”^Bl

¹¹The Lord said to him, “Who placed a mouth on humans? Who makes a person mute or deaf, seeing or blind? Is it not I, the Lord?^{m 12}Now go! I will help you speak^C and I will teach you what to say.”ⁿ

¹³Moses said, “Please, Lord, send someone else.”^D

¹⁴Then the Lord’s anger burned against Moses, and he said, “Isn’t Aaron the Levite your brother? I know that he can speak well. And also, he is on his way now to meet you. He will rejoice when he sees you. ¹⁵You will speak with him and tell him what to say.^o I will help both you and him to speak^A and will teach you both what to do. ¹⁶He will speak to the people for you. He will serve as a mouth for you, and you will serve as God to him. ¹⁷And take this staff in your hand that you will perform the signs with.”^p

MOSES’S RETURN TO EGYPT

¹⁸Then Moses went back to his father-in-law, Jethro, and said to him, “Please let me return to my relatives in Egypt and see if they are still living.”

Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace.”

¹⁹Now in Midian the Lord told Moses, “Return to Egypt, for all the men who wanted to kill you are dead.”^{q 20}So Moses took his wife and sons, put them on a donkey, and returned to the land of Egypt. And Moses took God’s staff^r in his hand.

²¹The Lord instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, make sure you do before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart^Bs so that he won’t let the people go. ²²And you will say to Pharaoh: This is what the Lord says: Israel is my firstborn son.^{t 23}I told you: Let my son go so that he may worship me, but you refused to let him go. Look, I am about to kill your firstborn son!”^u

²⁴On the trip, at an overnight campsite, it happened that the Lord confronted him and intended to put him to death. ²⁵So Zipporah took a flint, cut off her son’s foreskin, threw it at Moses’s feet, and said, “You are a bridegroom of blood to me!”^{a 26}So he let him alone. At that time she said, “You are a bridegroom of blood,” referring to the circumcision.

REUNION OF MOSES AND AARON

²⁷Now the Lord had said to Aaron, “Go and meet Moses in the wilderness.” So he went and met him at the mountain of God and kissed him.^{b 28}Moses told Aaron everything the Lord had sent him to say, and about all the signs he had commanded him to do. ²⁹Then Moses and Aaron went and assembled all the elders of the Israelites. ³⁰Aaron repeated everything the Lord had said to Moses and performed the signs before the people. ³¹The people believed, and when they heard that the Lord had paid attention^c to them and that he had seen their misery,^d they knelt low and worshiped.

MOSES CONFRONTS PHARAOH

5Later, Moses and Aaron went in and said to Pharaoh, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Let my people go, so that they may hold a festival for me in the wilderness.”^e

²But Pharaoh responded, “Who is the Lord that I should obey him by letting Israel go?^f I don’t know^C the Lord, and besides, I will not let Israel go.”^g

³They answered, “The God of the Hebrews has met with us. Please let us go on a three-day trip into the wilderness so that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God, or else he may strike us with plague or sword.”

⁴The king of Egypt said to them, “Moses and Aaron, why are you causing the people to neglect their work? Get to your labor!” ⁵Pharaoh also said, “Look, the people of the land are so numerous, and you would stop them from their labor.”^h

FURTHER OPPRESSION OF ISRAEL

⁶That day Pharaoh commanded the overseersⁱ of the people as well as their foremen, ⁷“Don’t continue to supply the people with straw for making bricks, as before. They must go and gather straw for themselves. ⁸But require the same quota of bricks from them as they were making before; do not reduce it. For they are slackers—that is why they are crying out,^j ‘Let us go and sacrifice to our God.’ ⁹Impose heavier work on the men. Then they will be occupied with it and not pay attention to deceptive words.”

¹⁰So the overseers and foremen of the people went out and said to them, “This is what Pharaoh says:^k ‘I am not giving you straw. ¹¹Go get straw yourselves wherever you can find it, but there will be no reduction at all in your workload.’ ” ¹²So the people scattered throughout the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. ¹³The overseers insisted, “Finish your assigned work each day, just as you did when straw was provided.” ¹⁴Then the Israelite foremen, whom Pharaoh’s slave drivers had set over the people, were beaten^l and asked, “Why haven’t you finished making your prescribed number of bricks yesterday or today, as you did before?”

¹⁵So the Israelite foremen went in and cried for help to Pharaoh: “Why are you treating your servants this way? ¹⁶No straw has been given…